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TIM/README.md
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TIM/README.md
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# TIM files
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See here for more informations about the XA fileformat and tools :
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Standard bitmap images that can be transferred directly to the PSX VRAM.
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https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/wiki/TIM
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Can be 4bit or 8bit with a [CLUT (Colour Look Up Table)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palette_(computing)), 16bit or 24 bit in direct color.
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See [this page](https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/rgb-bi_rgb/) for further information on how information is stored in the 16/24bpp modes.
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You can access the TIM mode through TIM_IMAGE->mode.
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Mode can be :
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* 0: 4bits b0
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* 1: 8 bits b1
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* 2: 16 bits b10
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* 3: 24bits b11
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* 4: mixed b100
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See [FileFormat47.pdf](http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/FileFormat47.pdf), p.179
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# Transparency
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In 16bpp mode, only 15b are used for colors (R 5, G 5, B 5). The 15th bit is defined as the STP or Semi-Transparency flag.
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A primitive transparency is set with `SetSemiTrans()`.
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The only case where a primitive with unset (=0) STP is transparent is when all values are 0. i.e ; using STP 0, B 0, G 0, R 0
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will result in a transparent pixel wether the primitive is set to semi-tranparent or not.
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Here are the transparency modes for various values on semi-transparent and opaque primitives :
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| STP, B, G, R | (0, 0, 0, 0) | (1, 0, 0, 0) | (0, n, n, n) | (1, n, n, n) |
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| :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
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| Non-transparent primitive | Transparent | Black | Non-transparent | Non-transparent |
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| Semi-transparent primitive | Transparent | Semi-transparent | Non-transparent black | Semi-transparent |
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See [FileFormat47.pdf](http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/FileFormat47.pdf), p.56, p.192,
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[LibOver47.pdf](http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibOver47.pdf), p.107, Table 8-12:
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Here is an overview of the various STP modes :
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In the following picture, STP refers to the transparency rate mode as seen in [LibRef47.pdf](http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibRef47.pdf), p.306 :
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## img2tim semi-transparency options
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`img2tim` has several options related to pixel transparency :
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* `-t` : Set semi-transparent bit (STP) on non fully black pixels. This will set the STP to 1 on pixels with RGB values different from B0,G0,R0.
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* `-usealpha` : Use alpha channel (if available) as transparency mask. This will use the converted image's alpha channel (PNG, TGA, TIFF, GIF)
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* `-alpt <value>` : Threshold value when alpha channel is used as transparency mask (Default: 127). Transparency values above this wil be treated as opaque.
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* `-tindex <col>` : Specify color index to be treated as transparent (ignored on non palletized images). When using 4bpp/8bpp, specified color to be used as transparent.
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* `-tcol <r g b>` : Specify RGB color value to be treated as transparent. Same as above for 16bpp.
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# Tools
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You can use open source tools : Gimp, Aseprite
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To convert your image files to TIM, use [IMG2TIM](https://github.com/Lameguy64/img2tim) :
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## 4bpp and 8bpp specificities
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If you want to generate 4bpp and 8bpp TIMs, your original image must be in indexed mode with a palette.
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* For 8bpp, < 256 colors , and dimensions must be a multiple of 2
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* For 4bpp, < 16 colors, and dimensions must be a multiple of 4
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See [FileFormat47.pdf](http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/FileFormat47.pdf), p.182
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You can use TIMTOOL.EXE from legacy PsyQ to check your TIM files, or use Lameguy64's [TIMedit](https://github.com/Lameguy64/TIMedit)
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# Reproducing the TIM in this example
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## Image > 4bpp, 8bpp
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To convert your images to palettized 4bpp and 8bpp pngs, you can use [pngquant](https://pngquant.org/) :
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4bpp (16 colors) image :
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```bash
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pngquant 16 input.png -o output.png --force
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```
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8bpp (256 colors) image :
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```bash
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pngquant 256 input.png -o output.png --force
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```
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Alternatively, you can use imagemagick :
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4bpp (16 colors) image :
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```bash
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convert input.png -colors 16 output.png
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```
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8bpp (256 colors) image :
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```bash
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convert input.png -colors 256 output.png
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```
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## PNG > Tim
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```bash
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img2tim -bpp 4 -org 512 0 -plt 0 481 -usealpha -o TIM4.tim TIM4.png
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img2tim -bpp 8 -org 512 256 -plt 0 480 -usealpha -o TIM8.tim TIM8.png
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img2tim -bpp 16 -org 768 0 -usealpha -o TIM16.tim TIM16.png
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```
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## Content of Makefile :
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```mk
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SRCS = hello_sprt.c \
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../common/crt0/crt0.s \
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TIM/TIM16.tim \
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TIM/TIM8.tim \
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TIM/TIM4.tim \
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```
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## Using the TIM file in code
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TODO : Make this presentable
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```c
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// Some structures to handle TIM files
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// Access Pixels STP, R, G, B
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typedef struct RGB_PIX {
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u_int R:5, G:5, B:5, STP:1;
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} RGB_PIX;
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typedef struct PIXEL {
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u_long bnum;
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u_short DX, DY;
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u_short W, H;
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RGB_PIX data[];
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} PIXEL;
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typedef struct CLUT {
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u_long bnum;
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u_short DX, DY;
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u_short W, H;
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u_short clut[];
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} CLUT;
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typedef struct TIM_FILE_CLUT{
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u_long ID;
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u_long flag;
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u_long clut;
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PIXEL pixel[];
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} TIM_FILE_CLUT;
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typedef struct TIM_FILE{
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u_long ID;
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u_long flag;
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PIXEL pixel[];
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} TIM_FILE;
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// If we were using C++, we could use templates
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//~ struct EmbeddedClut { u_long clut; };
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//~ struct NoEmbeddedClut { };
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//~ template<has_clut>
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//~ struct TIM_FILE {
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//~ u_long ID;
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//~ u_long flag;
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//~ std::conditional<has_clut, EmbeddedClut, NoEmbeddedClut> clut;
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//~ PIXEL pixel[];
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//~ };
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// 16bpp TIM
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// STP set on black pixels ( STP, B, R, G == 1, 0, 0 ,0)
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extern TIM_FILE _binary_TIM_transBlack_tim_start;
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// STP set on image's alpha ( STP, B, R, G == 1, n, n ,n)
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extern TIM_FILE _binary_TIM_transAlpha_tim_start;
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// STP set on image's alpha ( STP, B, R, G == 1, n, n ,n) with threshold (img2tim -alpt option)
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extern TIM_FILE _binary_TIM_transAlphaS_tim_start;
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// STP set on 8bpp TIM's CLUT index
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extern TIM_FILE _binary_TIM_trans8bpp_tim_start;
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// Store in an array so we can iterate over it
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TIM_FILE * timFiles[4];
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TIM_IMAGE timImages[4];
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FntPrint("RGB: %d\n", _binary_TIM_transBlack_tim_start.pixel->data[0].R );
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FntPrint("RGB: %d %d %d %d", timFiles[0]->pixel->data[8192].STP, timFiles[0]->pixel->data[8192].R, timFiles[0]->pixel->data[8192].G, timFiles[0]->pixel->data[8192].B );
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```
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# Links
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* [TIMexample on psxdev.net](http://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=313)
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* [Lameguy64's Github repo](https://github.com/Lameguy64)
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