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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and
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does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of
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Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or
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other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related
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information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no
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warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their
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terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
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disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
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fullest extent possible.
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Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
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Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
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conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share
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original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and
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certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
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following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
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exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.
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Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use
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by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in
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ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our
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licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
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and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors
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should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so
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that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should
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clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes
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other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or
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limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors :
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wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
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Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a
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licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under
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specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not
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necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable
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exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by
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the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and
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certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the
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licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including
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because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A
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licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be
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marked or described.
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Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect
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those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public :
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wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
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By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
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to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
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Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public
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License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
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contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
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acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
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such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
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making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.
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Section 1 – Definitions.
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- a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
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Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and
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in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged,
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transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission
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under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For
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purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a
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musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is
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always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
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relation with a moving image.
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- b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright
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and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
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accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
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- c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at
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creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons
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as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
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- d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar
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rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
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performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
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Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized.
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For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section
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2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
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- e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in
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the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
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fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
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adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
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agreements.
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- f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
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any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
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that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
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- g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name
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of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this
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Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
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- h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
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or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
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- i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
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terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
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all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
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Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
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- j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
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under this Public License.
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- k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
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process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as
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reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
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dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
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available to the public including in ways that members of the public
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may access the material from a place and at a time individually
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chosen by them.
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- l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
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resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
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the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
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as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent
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rights anywhere in the world.
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- m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
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under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
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Section 2 – Scope.
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- a. License grant.
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- 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
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the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
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non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
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exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
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- A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in
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part; and
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- B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
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- 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
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Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
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License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its
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terms and conditions.
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- 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
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6(a).
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- 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
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Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all
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media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to
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make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor
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waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to
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forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to
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exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications
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necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For
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purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications
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authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
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Material.
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- 5. Downstream recipients.
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- A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every
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recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an
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offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights
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under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
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- B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material.
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Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically
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receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed
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Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the
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Adapter's License You apply.
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- C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
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any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply
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any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed
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Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed
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Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
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- 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
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may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are,
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or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or
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sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor
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or others designated to receive attribution as provided in
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Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
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- b. Other rights.
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- 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
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licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy,
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and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent
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possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any
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such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
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to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
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- 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
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Public License.
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- 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
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collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
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Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under
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any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing
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scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any
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right to collect such royalties.
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Section 3 – License Conditions.
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Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
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following conditions.
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- a. Attribution.
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- 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
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form), You must:
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- A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
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with the Licensed Material:
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- i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
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Material and any others designated to receive
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attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
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Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
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- ii. a copyright notice;
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- iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
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- iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
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warranties;
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v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
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extent reasonably practicable;
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- B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain
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an indication of any previous modifications; and
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- C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
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Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
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hyperlink to, this Public License.
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- 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
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reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
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which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
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reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
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hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
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- 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
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information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
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reasonably practicable.
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- b. ShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You
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Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also
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apply.
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- 1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons
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license with the same License Elements, this version or later,
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or a BY-SA Compatible License.
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- 2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the
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Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in
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any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
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which You Share Adapted Material.
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- 3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms
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or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures
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to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights
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granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
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Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
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Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply
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to Your use of the Licensed Material:
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- a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
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to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion
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of the contents of the database;
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- b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
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contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
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Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
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Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,
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including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
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- c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
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all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
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For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
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replace Your obligations under this Public License where the
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Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
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Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
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- a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the
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extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and
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as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind
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concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied,
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statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties
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of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,
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non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or
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the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or
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discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in
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full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
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- b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable
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to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation,
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negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect,
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incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses,
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costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or
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use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised
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of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages.
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Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part,
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this limitation may not apply to You.
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- c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
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above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible,
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most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all
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liability.
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Section 6 – Term and Termination.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
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this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
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terminate automatically.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated
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under Section 6(a), it reinstates:
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- 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
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it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation;
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or
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- 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
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- c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of
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this Public License.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
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Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
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distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
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will not terminate this Public License.
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- e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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License.
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Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
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terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
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- b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
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independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
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Section 8 – Interpretation.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
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shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
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conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
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be made without permission under this Public License.
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- b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License
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is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
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cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
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without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
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conditions.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
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failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
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Licensor.
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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- d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
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as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
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that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
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processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
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2022-02-07 09:35:14 +01:00
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Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
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Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to
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material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the
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2023-03-25 09:43:28 +01:00
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"Licensor." The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is
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dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
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Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared
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under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the
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Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies,
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Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative
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Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its
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prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with
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any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any
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other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of
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licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not
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form part of the public licenses.
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Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
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