From 5c1ea50adb0ee2546a6375b486e2fadc02220fa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mckaygerhard Date: Sun, 7 May 2023 18:28:33 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] tutorials - install - setup dis and install from usb to single pc * provide setup disk common questions to the install methos in tutorial * added usb setup to sinble boot on a pc install tutorial --- tutorials/README.md | 8 +- ...all-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md | 133 ++++++++- ...all-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md | 181 ++++++++++++ ...ll-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md | 261 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 569 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md create mode 100644 tutorials/alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md diff --git a/tutorials/README.md b/tutorials/README.md index 7ac0142..31abcb3 100644 --- a/tutorials/README.md +++ b/tutorials/README.md @@ -21,8 +21,14 @@ with Alpine Linux, that expects a minimal knowledge from reader to perform actio ## INSTALL -* Networking setup +* Common methods for computers: + * [Install from CD to HDD/SDD PC single boot only](alpine-install-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md) + * [Install from USB to HDD/SDD PC single boot only](alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md) +* Serial console and sepcial devices: + * [Install from USB to Serial PCENGINE APU single boot](alpine-install-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md) +* Networking setup, wifi or PXE boots: * [alpine-tutorial-wifi-routering.md](alpine-tutorial-wifi-routering.md) + * [servers-howto-setup-PXE-service-for-others-linuxes-ES.md](servers-howto-setup-PXE-service-for-others-linuxes-ES.md) ## PHONES diff --git a/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md index 2532c4a..1f264e6 100644 --- a/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md +++ b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md @@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Linux into it. > **Warning** This method is in disuse today in favor of [usbstiks and imgs](alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md). +Feels lost here? check [How to use this guide](#how-to-use-this-guide) section of this document + ## Terminology - **[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)**: it\'s a new system included @@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ download, like the arm and i386, but ISO CD/DVD images are only to PC/Laptops that are i386 and amd64, so by downloading the x86 (32bit) flavor will be same for both cases, but UEFI need 64bit, so change to the x86_64 (amd64) if your computer is the most modern and lasted -hardware. +hardware today. The source medium to install for [UEFI or modern hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) **are just 64-bit only**, the download URL will be as following format: @@ -76,25 +78,25 @@ where `ARCH` and `VERSION` could be: - `` could be one of: - **latest-stable** for a more up to date without taking care of numbered - - **3.10** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018 + - **3.12** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018 -EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.10 version the available links to download will be:** +EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.17 version the available links to download will be:** - for **x86_64** computers: - `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.10.0-x86_64.iso` -- for **s390x** servers: - `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.10.1-ppc64le.iso` + `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso` +- for **x86** older BIOS computers we recommend: + `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` - for **ppc64le** machines `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.10.1-ppc64le.iso` **Usin Graphical download way**: Just point the web browser to that url and the download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso** extension -type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.10.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or -like `alpine-standard-3.10.1-s390x.iso` (if s390x); will be downloaded +type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or +like `alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` (if i386); will be downloaded commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem. **Usin Command line method way**: in unix-like terminal execute: -`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.10.0-x86_64.iso`, +`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`, and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file. ## Burning the source medium to install @@ -127,13 +129,82 @@ When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the optical drive (commonly named CD/DVD Rom drive), so the disc/iso will boot and after a while a command line shell will show you: +> **Note** When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start: -> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a CD/DVD drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}} +![](https://venenux.github.io/alpine-espanol/instalar/instalar-desde-virtualbox-a-discoreal-dualboot-screenshot-01.png) -TODO put the same foto here +> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}} -TODO: restore the template about normal script steps for common pages -(was inclusion here) +#### after start to setup the script + +For this use case, unlike other installation systems, Alpine's is automatic on the disk, +and mounts several partitions depending on the case, as in this document the procedure +is automatic, at least four partitons will be created by the installer and these will be +configured as needed, if it is UEFI or BIOS, always the automatic setup will do that. + +> **Warning** The drive will be assumed to be fully used since alpine setup in this guide +will be on its own and single setup only, it will not be necessary to partition or format +as the installer will do it. Assumes a minimum 4 gig disk where swap will be 2 gigs in sizes. + +> **Warning** if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!! + +#### runing the setup script + +After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media, +you must perform these commands, that will: + +* prepare disk sizes, boot partiton to 500 megs +* perpare swap sices, swap partition to 2 Gigs +* setup boot loader to grup (if wants lilo just change to lilo) +* and run setup script to configure and process instalation: + +``` +export BOOT_SIZE=500 + +export SWAP_SIZE=2048 + +export BOOTLOADER=grub + +setup-alpine +``` + +This will start some questions, these are in the following order: + +* keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys +* hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer. +* Network options: select the `eth0` one that is the network cable and answer `dhcp`. +* DNS Options: It is recommended to use `8.8.8.8 ` and `none` for the domain +* Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults. +* Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet. +* SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle. +* NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle. +* Mode: Select `sys` to install the system on disk. +* Disk Options: Use `sda` as the entire hard drive present will be used. + +After answering `sys` to the questions about the drive, and since there will only +be one drive, answering `sda` on which drive to use, this will create and leave +your hard drive as follows: + +* `/dev/sda1` as BOOT in 500Mb in `/boot` +* `/dev/sda2` as SWAP in 4Gb +* `/dev/sda3` as ROOT in 200Gb in `/` (approximately or rest of space available) + +In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new system. + +#### custom setup boot loader + +If the new local system was configured to run in `diskless` or `data` mode, or if you +choose do not install boot loader, and you do not want keep booting from the initial +(and possibly read-only) installation media, the boot system needs to be copied to +another device or partition or setup manually. + +The target partition may be identified using lsblk (after installing it with apk add lsblk) +and/or blkid, similar to previously identifying the initial installation media device. + +The procedure to copy the boot system is using setup-bootable + +Once everything is in place, but is you use `diskless` or `data` save your customized +configuration with `lbu commit` before rebooting. ## Finishing the installation @@ -145,3 +216,39 @@ installed system will be booted. calmed down.. in Alpine all are made by the right way.. so **if user need a desktop.. user can install a desktop** + +## How to use this guide + +This guide **structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced**, +so you must **type each line as is.. and hit enter**, so you noted that then you +typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line, +all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not. + +This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal +knowledge of linux. + +This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also +its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide. + +> **Warning** Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so +if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste. + +## Licensing clarifications + +**CC BY-NC-SA**: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material +in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given +to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified +material under identical terms, includes the following elements: + +* **BY** – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor. +* **NC** – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here! +* **SA** – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it. + +https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license + +## See also + +* [README.md](README.md) +* [alpine-newbie-install.md](../../newbie/alpine-newbie-install.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md) diff --git a/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ec9214 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-cd-to-pcengine-apu-single-boot.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# Alpine Install: from a disc to pc engine APU single only boot + +**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from an official image tar +file downloaded to a real second generation PC Engines APU systems +(apu2, apu3, apu4), where it will be single OS only. + +This document will guide you to **install Alpine into second generation +PC Engines APU systems**, it was tested with an apu2d4 and Alpine 3.11.6.. + +Feels lost here? check [How to use this guide](#how-to-use-this-guide) section of this document + +## Terminology + +- **[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)**: it\'s a new system included + in every new hardware machine laptop or desktops, that will manage + the early boot process as a little operating system, see more in the + [Alpine and UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) page. +- **New machine**: will be your real machine fresh and ready to + install your new Alpine operating system, with an installed ISO + image where to put the downloaded media installation. +- **Bootable USB**: will be your hardware drive input to put the image + downloaded iso media with the operating system Alpine to install as + source media; this drive are commonly named + [USB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB) unit. +- **Serial console:** is an input port on the device.. DB9 serial port + for serial console, located at the board to use as char device, it's + common in those devices. +- **Source media**: will be the just burned / disc from the downloaded + iso file of Alpine operating system. Will be Attach to the serial + console to property boot the source disc as media installation. +- **Target media**: will be the storage medium device into the new + computer target where the Alpine files for operating system will be + installed, its one partition from the + [HardDisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive) of the new + computer. + +## Requirements + +- A USBstick to just burn/record/write the ISO image installer as + the source media file downloaded +- In the new machine we need serial device port allowed to attach +- In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb + of RAM for desktop/graphical applications +- In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard + disk, but required 10G for desktops +- Will need to previously downloaded and write the Source media ISO + file from + +## Preparing the source medium to install + +Download the source medium to install and put into your home documents +in a modern computer. The source medium to install in this case are +**just 64-bit only**, the download URL will be as following format: +`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v/releases//alpine-standard-.0-.iso` +where `ARCH` and `VERSION` could be: + +- `` could be one of: + - **x86_64**: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based + machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware. +- `` could be one of: + - **latest-stable** for a more up to date without taking care of + numbered + - **3.12** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018 + +EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.12 version the available links to download will be:** + +- for **x86_64** computers: + `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.12.0-x86_64.iso` + +**Usin Graphical download way**: Just point the web browser to that url and the +download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso** extension +type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or +like `alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` (if i386); will be downloaded +commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem. + +**Usin Command line method way**: in unix-like terminal execute: +`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.12.0-x86_64.iso`, +and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file. + +## Booting the Alpine ISO disc + +1. It's probably a good idea to ensure that the BIOS / Firmware is up + to date. +2. Create_a\_Bootable_USB thumb + drive with the current standard x86_64 image from the downloads + page. +3. Attach to the serial console. Configure your terminal emulator for + 115200 8n1. +4. Power on the APU. +5. When BIOS prompted, hit F10 and select to boot from USB. +6. At the boot prompt, **quickly** type a slash to interrupt the + default boot, which has a short timeout. +7. Continue entering the remainder of this command at your leisure. It + should have only one slash at the start, to be clear: + `/boot/vmlinuz-lts modules=loop,squashfs,sd-mod,usb-storage nomodeset console=ttyS0,115200 initrd=/boot/initramfs-lts` +8. Alpine should come up as normal. + +When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the optical drive +(commonly named CD/DVD Rom drive), so the disc/iso will boot and after a +while a command line shell will show you: + +> **Note** When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start: + +![](https://venenux.github.io/alpine-espanol/instalar/instalar-desde-virtualbox-a-discoreal-dualboot-screenshot-01.png) + +#### runing the setup script + +After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media, +you must perform these commands, that will: + +This will start some questions, these are in the following order: + +* keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys +* hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer. +* Network options: select the `eth0` one that is the network cable and answer `dhcp`. +* DNS Options: It is recommended to use `8.8.8.8 ` and `none` for the domain +* Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults. +* Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet. +* SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle. +* NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle. +* Mode: Select `sys` to install the system on disk. + +## After reboot + +1. **Before** rebooting, edit /boot/extlinux.conf. + - Add `SERIAL 0 115200` as the first line in the file. + - In the `APPEND` line, replace `quiet` with + `console=ttyS0,115200` +2. Remove the thumb drive. +3. Cross your fingers and reboot. The system should boot properly with + console on serial. +4. Edit `/etc/update-extlinux.conf` so that if extlinux.conf is + regenerated it will retain these settings: + - Update the line with `serial_port` to read `serial_port=0` + - Update the `serial_baud` line to read `serial_baud=115200` + - Update the `default_kernel_opts` line to replace `quiet` with + `console=ttyS0,115200` +5. Run `update-extlinux` +6. Examine `/boot/extlinux.conf`. + - Make sure it looks OK. Compare with /boot/extlinux.conf-old. + - If something looks wrong, + `mv /boot/extlinux.conf-old /boot/extlinux.conf` to roll back + the changes and try to figure out what went wrong +7. Cross your fingers and reboot. The system should boot properly with + console on serial. + +## How to use this guide + +This guide **structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced**, +so you must **type each line as is.. and hit enter**, so you noted that then you +typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line, +all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not. + +This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal +knowledge of linux. + +This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also +its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide. + +> **Warning** Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so +if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste. + +## Licensing clarifications + +**CC BY-NC-SA**: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material +in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given +to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified +material under identical terms, includes the following elements: + +* **BY** – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor. +* **NC** – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here! +* **SA** – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it. + +https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license + +## See also + +* [README.md](README.md) +* [alpine-newbie-install.md](../../newbie/alpine-newbie-install.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md) diff --git a/tutorials/alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..badade5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorials/alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +# Alpine Install: from a disc to any computer single only boot + +**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from a official iso(usb) +write to USBstick to a new computer with or without +[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and will be single only boot, +means that any thing in the computer and their disc will be erased to +put Alpine Linux as main system + +This document will guide you to **install Alpine into a new empty or +just fresh PC or Laptop hardware computer, use if you have a [BIOS or +UEFI based hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and only wants Alpine** +Linux into it. + +> **Warning** This method only works for most modern pc since 2013 and recents, mostly 64bit only. + +## Terminology + +- **[UEFI and BIOS](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)**: it\'s the default boot for cp, + in every new hardware machine laptop or desktops, that will manage + the early boot process as a little operating system, see more in the + [Alpine and UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) page. +- **New machine**: will be your real machine fresh and ready to + install your new Alpine operating system, with a installed CD/DVD + Rom optical drive where to put the burned downloaded disc media + installation. +- **USB ports**: will be your hardware input source to boot, where + you wirte downloaded iso media with the operating system Alpine to + install as source media; this drive are commonly named Pend-Drive. +- **Source media**: will be the just burned/ disc from the downloaded + iso file of Alpine operating system. Will be put into the optical + drive or named [DVD/CD Rom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM) to + property boot the source disc as media installation. +- **Target media**: will be the storage medium device into the new + computer target where the Alpine files for operating system will be + installed, its one partition from the + [HardDisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive) of the new + computer. + +## Requirements + +- A usb stick to write the ISO source media file downloaded +- In the new machine we need an USB port free and able to boot +- In the new machine we need and BIOS or UEFI able to boot USBsticks +- In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb + of RAM for desktop/graphical applications +- In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard + disk, but required 10G for desktops +- Will need to previously downloaded and burned the Source media ISO + file from + +## Preparing the source medium to install + +Download the source medium to install and put into your home documents +in a modern computer. There are more hardware medium sources to +download, like the arm and i386, but ISO CD/DVD images are only to +PC/Laptops that are i386 and amd64, so by downloading the x86 (32bit) +flavor will be same for both cases, but UEFI need 64bit, so change to +the x86_64 (amd64) if your computer is the most modern and lasted +hardware today. + +The source medium to install for [UEFI or modern hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) +**are just 64-bit only**, the download URL will be as following format: +`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v/releases//alpine-standard-.0-.iso` +where `ARCH` and `VERSION` could be: + +- `` could be one of: + - **x86**: the most used i386 32-bit x86 based machines, if your + computer are too older use this only. + - **x86_64**: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based + machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware. +- `` could be one of: + - **latest-stable** for a more up to date without taking care of + numbered + - **3.12** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018 + +EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.17 version the available links to download will be:** + +- for **x86_64** computers: + `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso` +- for **x86** older BIOS computers we recommend: + `http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` + +**Usin Graphical download way**: Just point the web browser to that url and the +download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso** extension +type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or +like `alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` (if i386); will be downloaded +commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem. + +**Usin Command line method way**: in unix-like terminal execute: +`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`, +and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file. + +## Writing the source medium to install + +After downloading the source media file from [Alpine download page](https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/) +**put the USB stick into the input USB port** named and **open your terminal program, +move to the place directory where ISO downloaded fiel are and `cp` to the USB device"** and wait the +process will end. + +In detail if you downloaded with **Graphical download** (using a web +browser), the source media file will be into the Download directory. If +you downloaded with **Command line method** your source file probably +will be in your root document home (or just `$HOME` of your Linux +install or MAC install filesystem). + +In Linux, assuming the USB stick is in the only free USB port (as `/dev/sdb`), the command +to record/burn the downloaded source media file is : + +`$ umount /dev/sdb*;cp alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso /dev/sdb` + +> **Note** this method only works on recent MacOs 10.12+ or recent Linux 4.9+ installations + +## Writing the source medium using ValenaEtcher + +For all users, no matter the OS or architecture, We recommend using +[balena-etcher-electron](https://www.balena.io/etcher/) to flash the USB drive +from any system, of course it must be run as or from root user or administrator +of your operating system. + +* download the iso file of the multimedia image, for UEFI 3.11 minimum +* download the program balena-etcher-electronyou may need to install.. +* Run the program balena-etcher-electronas root in the graphical session +* Click “select image” icon, open the downloaded image file +* Plug the USB drive into the computer, it will automatically show as sdb or similar +* After it balena-etcher-electronshows the USB as “sdb”, clickflash +* Wait a while and when finished, close the program +* Take out the USB and place it on the installation target computer in a port + +> **Warning** It is recommended that you only have a single unique usb stick connected. + +![](https://venenux.github.io/alpine-espanol/instalar/instalar-desde-usb-a-discoreal-alpinesolo-computadora-00.png) + +## Booting the Alpine ISO disc + +When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the right booting drive +(commonly named USB boot drive or USB hard disk), so the disc/iso will boot and after a +while a command line shell will show you: + +> **Note** When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start: + +![](https://venenux.github.io/alpine-espanol/instalar/instalar-desde-virtualbox-a-discoreal-dualboot-screenshot-01.png) + +> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}} + +#### after start to setup the script + +For this use case, unlike other installation systems, Alpine's is automatic on the disk, +and mounts several partitions depending on the case, as in this document the procedure +is automatic, at least four partitons will be created by the installer and these will be +configured as needed, if it is UEFI or BIOS, always the automatic setup will do that. + +> **Warning** The drive will be assumed to be fully used since alpine setup in this guide +will be on its own and single setup only, it will not be necessary to partition or format +as the installer will do it. Assumes a minimum 4 gig disk where swap will be 2 gigs in sizes. + +> **Warning** if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!! + +#### runing the setup script + +After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media, +you must perform these commands, that will: + +* prepare disk sizes, boot partiton to 500 megs +* perpare swap sices, swap partition to 2 Gigs +* setup boot loader to grup (if wants lilo just change to lilo) +* and run setup script to configure and process instalation: + +``` +export BOOT_SIZE=500 + +export SWAP_SIZE=2048 + +export BOOTLOADER=grub + +setup-alpine +``` + +This will start some questions, these are in the following order: + +* keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys +* hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer. +* Network options: select the `eth0` one that is the network cable and answer `dhcp`. +* DNS Options: It is recommended to use `8.8.8.8 ` and `none` for the domain +* Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults. +* Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet. +* SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle. +* NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle. +* Mode: Select `sys` to install the system on disk. +* Disk Options: Use `sda` as the entire hard drive present will be used. + +After answering `sys` to the questions about the drive, and since there will only +be one drive, answering `sda` on which drive to use, this will create and leave +your hard drive as follows: + +* `/dev/sda1` as BOOT in 500Mb in `/boot` +* `/dev/sda2` as SWAP in 4Gb +* `/dev/sda3` as ROOT in 200Gb in `/` (approximately or rest of space available) + +In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new system. + +#### custom setup boot loader + +If the new local system was configured to run in `diskless` or `data` mode, or if you +choose do not install boot loader, and you do not want keep booting from the initial +(and possibly read-only) installation media, the boot system needs to be copied to +another device or partition or setup manually. + +The target partition may be identified using lsblk (after installing it with apk add lsblk) +and/or blkid, similar to previously identifying the initial installation media device. + +The procedure to copy the boot system is using setup-bootable + +Once everything is in place, but is you use `diskless` or `data` save your customized +configuration with `lbu commit` before rebooting. + +## Finishing the installation + +After all of the scripts in the setup end, a "reboot" will be offered, +just type "reboot" and press enter, remove the boot media and newly +installed system will be booted. + +**You cannot see a graphical window system? take it easy** and get +calmed down.. in Alpine all are made by the right way.. so **if user +need a desktop.. user can install a desktop** + + +## How to use this guide + +This guide **structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced**, +so you must **type each line as is.. and hit enter**, so you noted that then you +typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line, +all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not. + +This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal +knowledge of linux. + +This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also +its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide. + +> **Warning** Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so +if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste. + +## Licensing clarifications + +**CC BY-NC-SA**: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material +in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given +to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified +material under identical terms, includes the following elements: + +* **BY** – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor. +* **NC** – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here! +* **SA** – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it. + +https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license + +## See also + +* [README.md](README.md) +* [alpine-newbie-install.md](../../newbie/alpine-newbie-install.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md) +* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md)