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tutorial - simplified and made more easy adn focused the USB to PC instalation
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# Alpine Install: from a disc to any computer single only boot
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# Alpine Install: from a USB to any computer single disc and only alpine boot
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**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from a official iso(usb)
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write to USBstick to a new computer with or without
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[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and will be single only boot,
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means that any thing in the computer and their disc will be erased to
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put Alpine Linux as main system
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**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from a official iso,
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dumpet to a usb source device media, and installed to a bare metal computer
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no matter if include [UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and will be the only OS
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installed to boot.
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This document will guide you to **install Alpine into a new empty or
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just fresh PC or Laptop hardware computer, use if you have a [BIOS or
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UEFI based hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and only wants Alpine**
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Linux into it.
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Means you will **install Alpine as the only OS in a PC computer from USB** media.
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> **Warning** This method only works for most modern pc since 2013 and recents, mostly 64bit only.
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## Terminology
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- **[UEFI and BIOS](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)**: it\'s the default boot for cp,
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in every new hardware machine laptop or desktops, that will manage
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the early boot process as a little operating system, see more in the
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[Alpine and UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) page.
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- **New machine**: will be your real machine fresh and ready to
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install your new Alpine operating system, with a installed CD/DVD
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Rom optical drive where to put the burned downloaded disc media
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installation.
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- **USB ports**: will be your hardware input source to boot, where
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you wirte downloaded iso media with the operating system Alpine to
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install as source media; this drive are commonly named Pend-Drive.
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- **Source media**: will be the just burned/ disc from the downloaded
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iso file of Alpine operating system. Will be put into the optical
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drive or named [DVD/CD Rom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM) to
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property boot the source disc as media installation.
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- **Target media**: will be the storage medium device into the new
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computer target where the Alpine files for operating system will be
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installed, its one partition from the
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[HardDisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive) of the new
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computer.
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## Requirements
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- A usb stick to write the ISO source media file downloaded
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- In the new machine we need an USB port free and able to boot
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- In the new machine we need and BIOS or UEFI able to boot USBsticks
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- In the new machine we need support for booting from USB devices
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- In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb
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of RAM for desktop/graphical applications
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- In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard
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@ -48,69 +21,25 @@ Linux into it.
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- Will need to previously downloaded and burned the Source media ISO
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file from <https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/>
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## Preparing the source medium to install
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## Downloading the source medium to install
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Download the source medium to install and put into your home documents
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in a modern computer. There are more hardware medium sources to
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download, like the arm and i386, but ISO CD/DVD images are only to
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PC/Laptops that are i386 and amd64, so by downloading the x86 (32bit)
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flavor will be same for both cases, but UEFI need 64bit, so change to
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the x86_64 (amd64) if your computer is the most modern and lasted
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hardware today.
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In this case, **your PC or device will have [UEFI or any modern hardware beyond 2016](Alpine_and_UEFI.md#where-i-will-find-bios-based-devices)**
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you will need **64-bit iso**, the download URL will be:
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The source medium to install for [UEFI or modern hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)
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**are just 64-bit only**, the download URL will be as following format:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v<VERSION>/releases/<ARCH>/alpine-standard-<VERSION>.0-<ARCH>.iso`
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where `ARCH` and `VERSION` could be:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`
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- `<ARCH>` could be one of:
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- **x86**: the most used i386 32-bit x86 based machines, if your
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computer are too older use this only.
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- **x86_64**: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based
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machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware.
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- `<VERSION>` could be one of:
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- **latest-stable** for a more up to date without taking care of
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numbered
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- **3.12** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018
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Otherwise, **for older PCs and [BIOS only hardware until 2014](Alpine_and_UEFI.md#where-i-will-find-bios-based-devices)**
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you must **read another guide, this [alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pcold-single-boot-only.md](alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pcold-single-boot-only.md)**.
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EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.17 version the available links to download will be:**
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**How to download usin Graphical browser**: point the web browser to
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that url and the download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso**
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extension type, will be downloaded commonly into the Download directory.
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- for **x86_64** computers:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`
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- for **x86** older BIOS computers we recommend:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso`
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**How to download usin Command line method**: in unix-like terminal (MAC/Linux) execute:
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`cd $HOME;wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`,
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and unless the case of GUI, your **.iso** file wil be direclty in your home directory.
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**Usin Graphical download way**: Just point the web browser to that url and the
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download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso** extension
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type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or
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like `alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` (if i386); will be downloaded
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commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem.
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**Usin Command line method way**: in unix-like terminal execute:
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`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`,
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and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file.
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## Writing the source medium to install
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After downloading the source media file from [Alpine download page](https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/)
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**put the USB stick into the input USB port** named and **open your terminal program,
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move to the place directory where ISO downloaded fiel are and `cp` to the USB device"** and wait the
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process will end.
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In detail if you downloaded with **Graphical download** (using a web
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browser), the source media file will be into the Download directory. If
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you downloaded with **Command line method** your source file probably
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will be in your root document home (or just `$HOME` of your Linux
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install or MAC install filesystem).
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In Linux, assuming the USB stick is in the only free USB port (as `/dev/sdb`), the command
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to record/burn the downloaded source media file is :
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`$ umount /dev/sdb*;cp alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso /dev/sdb`
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> **Note** this method only works on recent MacOs 10.12+ or recent Linux 4.9+ installations
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## Writing the source medium using ValenaEtcher
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## Writing the source medium to your USB
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For all users, no matter the OS or architecture, We recommend using
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[balena-etcher-electron](https://www.balena.io/etcher/) to flash the USB drive
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@ -126,10 +55,17 @@ of your operating system.
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* Wait a while and when finished, close the program
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* Take out the USB and place it on the installation target computer in a port
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> **Warning** It is recommended that you only have a single unique usb stick connected.
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> ***Warning** we assume only one hard drive exits as `/dev/sda` and only one USB as `/dev/sdb`
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> **Note** this method only works on recent MacOs 10.12+ or recent Linux 4.9+ installations
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You can also made it manually, open your terminal program, move to the place
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directory where ISO downloaded are placed and `cp` to the USB device:
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> umount /dev/sdb; cp alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso /dev/sdb
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## Booting the Alpine ISO disc
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When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the right booting drive
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@ -140,18 +76,12 @@ while a command line shell will show you:
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> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}}
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> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be
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configured in the BIOS/UEFI, **ask/search to your vendor or technical support**, Toshiba
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computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for
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example, and so and so
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#### after start to setup the script
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For this use case, unlike other installation systems, Alpine's is automatic on the disk,
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and mounts several partitions depending on the case, as in this document the procedure
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is automatic, at least four partitons will be created by the installer and these will be
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configured as needed, if it is UEFI or BIOS, always the automatic setup will do that.
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> **Warning** The drive will be assumed to be fully used since alpine setup in this guide
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will be on its own and single setup only, it will not be necessary to partition or format
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as the installer will do it. Assumes a minimum 4 gig disk where swap will be 2 gigs in sizes.
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## Installing after boot up
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> **Warning** if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!!
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@ -200,21 +130,6 @@ In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new
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#### custom setup boot loader
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If the new local system was configured to run in `diskless` or `data` mode, or if you
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choose do not install boot loader, and you do not want keep booting from the initial
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(and possibly read-only) installation media, the boot system needs to be copied to
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another device or partition or setup manually.
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The target partition may be identified using lsblk (after installing it with apk add lsblk)
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and/or blkid, similar to previously identifying the initial installation media device.
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The procedure to copy the boot system is using setup-bootable
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Once everything is in place, but is you use `diskless` or `data` save your customized
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configuration with `lbu commit` before rebooting.
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## Finishing the installation
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After all of the scripts in the setup end, a "reboot" will be offered,
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@ -228,11 +143,6 @@ need a desktop.. user can install a desktop**
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## How to use this guide
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This guide **structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced**,
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so you must **type each line as is.. and hit enter**, so you noted that then you
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typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line,
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all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not.
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This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal
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knowledge of linux.
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@ -249,9 +159,9 @@ in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as att
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to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified
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material under identical terms, includes the following elements:
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* **BY** – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor.
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* **NC** – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here!
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* **SA** – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it.
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* **BY** Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor.
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* **NC** Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here!
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* **SA** Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it.
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https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license
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