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tutorials - servers - gitea in profesional way

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* complete guide with profesional way.. at 70%
* provide all need and multi instances
* fixed the crap made in alpíne wiki
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# alpine server gitea
Gitea is a community managed lightweight code hosting solution written in Go.
It is a fork of Gogs.
## Clarifications
1. Gitea was created by a group of users and contributors of the self-hosted Git service Gogs,
It is a fork of Gogs and is written in Go.
2. There's two ways to deploy, server real one and docker containerized one, best
performance its server real, and most isolated one are dockerizer way..
3. If even though docker always uses Alpine linux as images, and the software is
alpine packages, it still has nothing to do with using alpine specific commands.
4. Git is the version control system (VCS) software behind gitea perse, so must
be installed first. But repositories on server are not same as in clients.. server
repositories are bare repositories.
## Requirements
* OS required tools:
* bash
* grep
* lsof
* less
* curl
* attr
* CVS command line
* git
* git-lfs
* Database backend:
* sqlite
* mysql
* postgresql
* Auth and security:
* mail
* gnupg
* openssl
* pip
* Packages publish:
* curl
* docker
## Preparations
A hostname is a unique name created to identify a machine on a network,
configured in `/etc/hostname`. (make sure to replace "giteahost" with your desired hostname):
```
hostname giteahost
echo 'hostname="giteahost"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname
echo "giteahost" > /etc/hostname
```
You should also add the hostname to your hosts file (/etc/hosts), to
obtain the best results if you have in internat network without DNS.
```
cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
127.0.0.1 giteahost.mydomain.com giteahost localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain
EOF
cat > /tmp/tmp.tmp << EOF
127.0.1.1 giteahost.mydomain.com giteahost
EOF
sed -i '/127.0.0.1/ r /tmp/tmp.tmp' /etc/hosts && rm /tmp/tmp.tmp
```
## Installation
Gitea is a golang build application, so practically has no dependencies, but
for minimal good working instance you should considered minimal installation
packages. But due is a production server this will lack of doc, manpages and make packages.
1. added and update normal repositories
2. install direct dependences: git, gnupg, bash, coreutils
3. install indirect dependences: grep, lsof, less, curl, binutils, attr
4. setup the user of the gitea
```
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF; $(echo)
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
EOF
apk update
apk add bash coreutils grep lsof less curl binutils dialog attr
apk add git git-lfs gnupg gnupg1 sqlite sqlite libs openssl
export PAGER=less
```
This guide does work either if are or not in main or edge the gitea package,
take note, do not install any more from edge.. so in fact all gitea dependencies
must be listed and installed before gitea and edge brand are activated, so the following process will guide and show you how to do that; first gain root privileges or access ssh to your alpine server and then:
4. alternate edge repositories (do that only if your alpine version are over 3.9)
5. install gitea from edge repository
6. restore normal repository
```
cat >> /etc/apk/repositories << EOF; $(echo)
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community
EOF
apk update --allow-untrusted
apk add gitea --allow-untrusted
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF; $(echo)
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
EOF
apk update --allow-untrusted
```
**WARNING** if your version of alpine are more ancient like 3.6 or 3.8, do not use
the edge version, it need upgrading almost to alpine 3.10 to use it, so if you
are using a older hardware not supported by recent linux kernel, upgrade to alpine 3.10
and then you can follow this manual. Otherwise just avoit the edge swicht and
install the normal already provided older gitea package.
## Configurations
Gitea configurations are defined by the gitea service scrip, after install
need a backend database, and also a dedicated user, also has configurations files.
| Artifac | Name | Defaults or packaged | Customizable |
| --------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ |
| Binary program | gitea | `/usr/bin/gitea` | no |
| Daemon script | gitea | `/etc/init.d/gitea` | no |
| Daemon user | gitea | `/var/lib/gitea/` | no |
| Group user | www-data | `/var/www/` | no |
| Working dir | GITEA_WORK_DIR | `/var/lib/gitea/` | yes |
| Customizing | GITEA_CUSTOM | `/var/lib/gitea/custom/` | yes,depends |
| Config global | gitea.ini | `/etc/gitea/app.ini` | yes,depends |
| Web files | STATIC_ROOT_PATH | `/usr/share/webapps/gitea/` | no |
| Data files | APP_DATA_PATH | `/var/lib/gitea/data/` | depends |
| Git repositories | GITEA_GIT_DIR | `/var/lib/gitea/git` | yes |
| Loggin files | internally | `/var/log/gitea` | no |
| Database files | Sqlite/MariaDB/PG | `/var/lib/gitea/db/gitea.db` | yes |
**Gitea runs as `gitea` user, and `www-data` group**, so are compatible with any web
deploy in system webservers packages of alpine repositories, but not with any
other external installation if does not are same as.
Gitea has two configuration files, the system defaults at `/var/lib/gitea/conf/app.ini`
and modifiable package defaults, at `/etc/gitea/app.ini`. Original files are
in `/usr/share/webapps/gitea` and are defaults non-modifiable.
**Gitea can be customized**: just take same path from `/usr/share/webapps/gitea/` and
put in same manner at `/var/lib/gitea/custom/` place.
For alterations see next sections where are defined initialization, customization and configurations.
## Initialization
Gitea just after install does not need many configurations, the daemon service
will init all the needs, but forced setup gui will be need after initialize
1. start from init script
2. make enable the init script
3. check the runing service
4. visit the gitea service using your web browser
```
service gitea start
rc-update add gitea default
service gitea status
```
After check that is "running" you must setup graphically using a web browser,
poiting to `http://localhost:3000`, in the case of this document should be
pointing to `http://giteahost.mydomain.com:3000` and a web landing will show.
## Post install
Using your web browser and pointing to the gitea url path, you will be
redirected to the post install page, but first you must prepare the
backend database to be used by the service:
#### Post installation with sqlite
There's no need of preparation, just proceed to "post installation process" section.
#### Post installation with mysql
TODO:
#### Post installation with postgresql
TODO:
#### Post install process
The post-installation process happends when you visit the url with the browser.
**The post install page**, will be displayed and only are show when try to use
the system for the first time, away of the starting page, by example if browse
the repositories or try to login. You must not forgotten to setup that final
installation process.
**Database configs** will be depending of the choice made in the steps avobe,
just give the required credentials, only the case of sqlite does not need complications.
**Administrator account** must be configured before push "install gitea", the
button at the end of the post-configuration page when you first visit the installation.
Provide an username for admin user, take note "admin" are a reserved word so
choose another name. after provide passowrd you will continue the installation.
**Redirection to landing** can be a problem cos after proceed the service of gitea
will try to send to "localhost", to fix that, just go to the config file
at the key value of `ROOT_URL` and check not contains "localhost" in it, change
to the web url of the server in this case document is `http://giteahost.mydomain.com:3000`
**Theme and templates** are already mentioned in the configuration section,
just take same path from `/usr/share/webapps/gitea/` and put in same manner
at `/var/lib/gitea/custom/` place, by example to customize default landing page,
just take a copy of the `/usr/share/webapps/gitea/templates/home.tmpl` and put
modified one at `/var/lib/gitea/custom/templates/home.tmpl` as well.
## Tunning instances
Gitea is a single application and can work as instanciating a working path,
so means you can run as normal application or as system service, inclusive
you can also run multiple instances in sabe server:
#### System running
Gitea binary itselt cannot be start alone, without parameters will put lot of
directories and files in the default current path, so to start to use must be
using the service from the package.
1. Start from init script!
2. Make enabled the init script!
3. Stop from init script
```
rc service gitea start
rc-update add gitea default
```
To stop just run `rc-service gitea stop`
#### Standard running
A manual start without init script can be done but its recommended to
indicate to use the files installed on the system (by example) as is:
1. stop any running instance
2. make a command to run with proper arguments
```
rc-service gitea stop
GITEA_WORK_DIR='/var/lib/gitea' /usr/bin/gitea web --config /etc/gitea/app.ini
```
This commands will start the gitea manually as standar alone, but
will use the config files and installed files from the package.
#### Multiple instances
As same manner you can setup multiple instances of gitea, by many ways:
* By just run "Standar" command with specific alternate config files, but using new user
* By just run "Service" fork new unit file with alternate config files, but using new user
By example to run another instance using the system files as starting
point **as Standard alone** application:
1. stop the main daemon
2. added a shell restricted and setup a new restricted user for instance of gitea "2"
3. create the new user that will run the another instance of gitea
4. copy the config file to use as template config file for instance of gitea "2"
5. create directories for future new files of the instance tha will run
6. change the variables and configuration to point to the new user of the instance
7. fix and set right permissions for the new user of the instance "2"
8. run the new instance **as "Standard" alone** instance named gitea "2"
```
rc-service gitea stop
apk add tcsh
add-shell '/bin/csh'
adduser -S -D -h /var/lib/gitea2 -s /bin/bash -g '' gitea2
cp /etc/gitea/app.ini /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea2/db
mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea2/log
sed -i -r 's#ROOT = /.*#ROOT = /var/lib/gitea2/git#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#RUN_USER.*#RUN_USER = gitea2#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#APP_DATA_PATH.*#APP_DATA_PATH = /var/lib/gitea2/data#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#PATH = /.*#PATH = /var/lib/gitea/db/gitea2.db#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#^ROOT_PATH = /.*#ROOT_PATH = /var/lib/gitea2/log#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
chown -R gitea2:www-data /var/lib/gitea2
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2/db
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2/log
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2
GITEA_WORK_DIR='/var/lib/gitea2' /usr/bin/gitea web --config /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
```
By example to run another instance using the system files as starting
point **as System running** application:
1. stop the main daemon and setup a new restricted user for instance of gitea "2"
2. create the new user that will run the another instance of gitea
3. copy the config file to use as template config file for instance of gitea "2"
4. create directories for future new files of the instance tha will run
5. change the variables and configuration to point to the new user of the instance
6. copy the unit service to use a new service template
7. change the variables and configuration to point to the new instance user
8. fix and set right permissions for the new user of the instance "2"
9. run the new instance **as "Standard" alone** instance named gitea "2"
```
rc-service gitea stop
apk add tcsh
add-shell '/bin/csh'
adduser -S -D -h /var/lib/gitea2 -s /bin/bash -g '' gitea2
cp /etc/gitea/app.ini /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea2/db
mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea2/log
sed -i -r 's#ROOT = /.*#ROOT = /var/lib/gitea2/git#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#RUN_USER.*#RUN_USER = gitea2#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#APP_DATA_PATH.*#APP_DATA_PATH = /var/lib/gitea2/data#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#PATH = /.*#PATH = /var/lib/gitea/db/gitea2.db#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
sed -i -r 's#^ROOT_PATH = /.*#ROOT_PATH = /var/lib/gitea2/log#g' /var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini
cp /etc/init.d/gitea /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#name=.*#name=gitea2#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#command_user=.*#command_user=gitea2#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#/etc/gitea/app.ini#/var/lib/gitea2/gitea2.ini#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#/var/lib/gitea#/var/lib/gitea2#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#/var/log/gitea#/var/lib/gitea2/log#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
sed -i -r 's#/run/gitea.pid#/run/gitea2.pid#g' /etc/init.d/gitea2
chown -R gitea2:www-data /var/lib/gitea2
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2/db
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2/log
chmod 0755 /var/lib/gitea2
rc service gitea2 start
rc-update add gitea2 default
```
**CAUTION** if you runs multiple instances, each one must have different port,
this means you must check in the config `app.ini` file (like the `gitea2.ini` )
that after the póst setup procedure, the port are correct and different, if not just,
before or after change it with `HTTP_PORT` and `ROOT_URL` keys.
## see also