| .githooks | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .ignore | ||
| Makefile | ||
| org-babel-tangle-file | ||
| README.org | ||
Emacs setup for use with LaTeX, Org, and Python
- Quick start
- Introduction
- Early Init File (info)
- Init File (info) header
- Package bootstrapping
- Using Emacs as a server (info)
- Completion
- Reading
- Writing
- Editing
- Coding
- Appearance
- Applications
- Init File (info) footer
- Local variables linking back to LaTeX save-compile-display-loop
Quick start
Backup your ~/.emacs.d directory to execute the following commands:
cd ~
git clone ccdr@mercury.grenoble.cnrs.fr:SERVER/.emacs.d
make --directory=.emacs.d initAfter its invokation, Emacs will install a minimal set of packages. Now, you
have the option to install all optional packages using the command
my-install-optional-packages, but you can do this any time, or you can install
any package using the command package-install whenever you like. Quit Emacs
and invoke Emacs again.
Introduction
This Emacs setup aims to install automatically a minimal set of extension packages that allows to handle my reports and presentations. The file format of the reports is Org Mode plain text with Python source code blocks and the file format of the presentations is LaTeX.
This org file (more precisely the original org source file of this file) illustrates my work-flow by showing:
- How to tangle (or export) source blocks from org files. This file contains
source blocks to produce the files
early-init.el,init.el,latexmkrc,org-store-link, andexample.pyby tangling. - How to export org files to other formats such as HTML, LaTeX, and PDF.
- How org hyperlinks (info) allow to link inside and outside Org Mode: hover over or click on the links to experiment.
The AUCTeX - Aalborg University Center TeX extension package provides a powerful Text-based User Interface (TUI) environment to edit the LaTeX presentations.
The citar extension package provides quick filtering and selecting of bibliographic entries, and the option to run different commands on those selections. Citar requires Org-9.5 (info), which is already part of Emacs-28.1. Citar exploits the enhancements of Emacs' builtin selection mechanism provided by the extension packages vertico, orderless, embark, marginalia, and consult. The citeproc extension package provides CSL: citation style language processing capabilities to citar and Org Mode.
The pdf-tools extension package renders PDF file with the possibility to
annotate the file or to click on anchors in the PDF file that link back to the
original LaTeX file of the document. An example of my work-flow are the steps
to convert this org file to PDF and to see the result with pdf-tools in Emacs:
execute the commands pdf-tools-install, org-babel-tangle,
org-latex-export-latex-to-latex, and compile. This sets up an infinite
LaTeX compilation loop to update and redisplay the PDF file after excution of
the org-latex-export-latex-to-latex command in this buffer.
Here follows a list of interesting Emacs configurations:
- Musa Al-hassy's configuration is an impressive example of producing the Emacs initialization files and other files by tangling an org file. His methodology is impressive, as his Elisp Cheat Sheet and org-special-block-extra package show. To me, this is a configuration to admire, but his methodology is way over my head.
- Omar Antolín Camarena's configuration exploits built-in packages, Omar's own
small packages, and large external packages. Omar is the author of orderless
and embark. I have stolen his idea of using
custom-set-variables. - Pierre Neirhardt's configuration implements lazy loading without help of external packages. I have stolen his approach of using lazy loading to silently ignore the setup stanzas of uninstalled extension packages.
- Sacha Chua's configuration is a practical example of producing the Emacs initialization files by tangling an org file. It gives me the impression that she is a very practical person trying to achieve her goals by the most efficient means. I have stolen her idea of using quelpa to install packages from any source.
- Steve Purcell's configuration is well organized, a showcase of readable code, as well helpful commit and issue histories. See for instance the discussion on the correctness of order of company candidates in Emacs lisp mode.
- Timothy E. Chapman's configuration
Early Init File (info)
Try to load no-littering as early as possible, since it helps to keep
~/.emacs.d clean.
;;; early-init.el --- user early-init file -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
;;; Commentary:
;;; Code:
(setq load-prefer-newer t)
(require 'no-littering nil 'noerror)
(provide 'early-init)
;; Emacs looks for "Local variables:" after the last "?\n?\f".
;; Local Variables:
;; indent-tabs-mode: nil
;; End:
;;; earl-init.el ends here
In order to get help in understanding the code block above in a buffer showing
the original Org source file, move point (or cursor) to one of the items of the
list the and type C-c C-c:
- src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{(describe-variable #'load-prefer-newer t)}
- src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{(apropos-library "no-littering")}
- src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{(find-function #'hack-local-variables)}
to execute the code between the curly braces for access to help.
This shows why Emacs is a self-documenting editor.
Init File (info) header
The quoting (info) and the backquote (info) pages explain how to understand the
reader macros ' (quote), ` (backquote), , (substitute) and @, (splice)
in the custom-set-variable function call below. A tutorial of how to use those
reader macros is the didactic emacs-lisp macro example.
Because of the custom-set-variables function call, the init file (info) does
not load the custom-file as saving customizations (info) recommends.
;;; init.el --- user init file -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
;;; Commentary:
;;; Code:
(require 'cl-lib)
(custom-set-variables
'(after-save-hook #'executable-make-buffer-file-executable-if-script-p)
'(column-number-mode t)
'(cursor-type 'box)
;; `(custom-file ,(make-temp-file "emacs-custom-"))
`(custom-file ,(locate-user-emacs-file "custom.el"))
'(epg-pinentry-mode 'loopback)
'(global-hl-line-mode t)
'(global-hl-line-sticky-flag t)
'(history-delete-duplicates t)
'(history-length 500)
'(indent-tabs-mode nil)
'(inhibit-startup-buffer-menu t)
'(inhibit-startup-screen t)
'(initial-buffer-choice t)
'(initial-scratch-message "")
`(insert-directory-program ,(or (executable-find "gls")
(executable-find "ls")))
'(kill-ring-max 300)
'(package-archives '(("gnu" . "https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")
("nongnu" . "https://elpa.nongnu.org/nongnu/")
("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/")))
`(package-selected-packages
`(
,@(when (version< emacs-version "28.0")
'(
org ; plain text thought organizer
modus-themes ; high foreground/background contrast themes
))
anaconda-mode ; strangles python-mode
async ; asynchroneous processing
auctex ; Aalborg University Center TeX
blacken ; Black Python-code formatter client
citar ; bibliography handling
citeproc ; bibliography handling
company ; complete anything
company-anaconda ; complete anything in anaconda-mode
consult ; consult completing-read
eglot ; Emacs polyGLOT LSP client
electric-operator ; automatic spacing around operators
elfeed ; web feed reader
embark ; act on any buffer selection
emms ; Emacs Multi-Media System
htmlize ; convert buffer contents to HTML
iedit ; simultaneous multi-entity editing
laas ; LaTeX Auto-Activating Snippets
leuven-theme ; beautiful color theme
magit ; Git Text-based User Interface
marginalia ; minibuffer margin notes
markdown-mode ; markdown text mode
no-littering ; keep `user-emacs-directory' clean
nov ; EPUB reader
orderless ; Emacs completion style
pdf-tools ; interactive docview replacement
pdf-view-restore ; add view history to pdf-tools
pyenv-mode ; Python environment selector
quelpa ; install Emacs packages from source
rainbow-mode ; set background color to color string
smartparens ; smart editing of character pairs
toml-mode ; Tom's Obvious Minimal Language mode
vertico ; VERTical Interactive Completion
wgrep ; open a writable grep buffer
which-key ; on the fly key-binding help
wordnut ; WordNet lexical database
writegood-mode ; bullshit and weasel-word detector
ws-butler ; remove trailing whitespace
xr ; undo rx to grok regular expressions
yasnippet ; code or text template expansion
))
'(python-indent-guess-indent-offset nil)
'(recentf-mode t)
'(save-place-mode t)
'(savehist-additional-variables
'(eww-history
kill-ring
regexp-search-string
search-ring
search-string))
'(scroll-bar-mode nil)
'(tab-always-indent 'complete)
'(tab-width 8)
'(tool-bar-mode nil)
'(url-cookie-trusted-urls nil)
'(url-cookie-untrusted-urls '(".*"))
'(use-dialog-box nil)
'(use-short-answer t)
'(view-read-only t))
(when (eq system-type 'darwin)
(custom-set-variables
'(ns-alternate-modifier nil)
'(ns-command-modifier 'meta)
'(ns-right-command-modifier 'super)))
(when (eq window-system 'ns)
(add-to-list 'initial-frame-alist '(height . 51))
(add-to-list 'initial-frame-alist '(width . 180)))Package bootstrapping
Emacs installs packages from archives on the internet. This setup uses three archives:
- The GNU Emacs Lisp Package Archive
- The NonGNU Emacs Lisp Package Archive.
- The Milkypostman’s Emacs Lisp Package Archive (MELPA).
Finally, the quelpa tool allows to fetch code from any source and build a package on your computer before installation.
The code assumes that the package system is in a virgin state in case the package no-littering is not present. Refreshing the contents of available packages at least once is a requirement in order to be able to install and load any packages, hence also no-littering.
The call src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{(package-install-selected-packages)} checks the installation status of all packages in src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{package-selected-packages} and installs the missing packages after the user has agreed to its prompt.
After package bootstrapping, you have to refresh the list of available packages yourself before updating the installed packages.
;; The is the 1st package bootstrapping block.
(unless (require 'no-littering nil 'noerror)
(package-refresh-contents)
(package-install 'no-littering)
(require 'no-littering))
(unless noninteractive
(package-install-selected-packages))Using Emacs as a server (info)
Emacs can act as a server that listens to a socket to share its state (for
instance buffers and command history) with other programs by means of a shell
command emacsclient.
(when window-system
(unless (or noninteractive (daemonp))
(add-hook 'after-init-hook #'server-start)))
The next two configuration blocks show how to use emacsclient to:
- Install an asynchronous (or background) loop of saving a LaTeX file, compiling it, and redisplaying the output in Emacs.
- Make qutebrowser send html links with document titles to Emacs.
LaTeX save-compile-display loop
The latexmk resource file in the next source code block shows how to use
emacsclient to (re)display the PDF file in Emacs after each succesful
(re)compilation on condition that the settings of the compile-command local
variable in section are compatible. The local variable compile-command in the
local variables section (only visible in org files, but not in html and
pdf files) shows how to use the latexmkrc file..
# pdf previewer and update pdf previewer
$pdf_previewer = "emacsclient -e '(find-file-other-window %S)'";
$pdf_update_method = 4; # 4 runs a command to force the update
$pdf_update_command = "emacsclient -e '(with-current-buffer (find-buffer-visiting %S) (pdf-view-revert-buffer nil t))'";
# see for instance glossary.latexmkrc
add_cus_dep( 'acn', 'acr', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
add_cus_dep( 'glo', 'gls', 0, 'makeglossaries' );
$clean_ext .= " acr acn alg bbl glo gls glg ist run.xml";
sub makeglossaries {
my ($name, $path) = fileparse( $$Psource );
return system "makeglossaries -d '$path' '$name'";
}
# Emacs looks for "Local variables:" after the last "?\n?\f".
# Local Variables:
# mode: perl
# End:Qutebrowser userscript
The next block contains an userscript that sends a store-link org-protocol
message with the url and the title from qutebrowser to emacsclient. The
function urlencode translates the url and the title for the message. The
Python urllib examples show how to use urlencode. The final execvp call
deals with a qutebrowser userscript requirement: the emacsclient process must
get the PID of the userscript that must kill itself after the take-over.
Termination of the emacsclient process hands control back to qutebrowser.
On a POSIX system, you can run the userscript from qutebrowser or from a terminal to see whether it works. In case you try to run it from Emacs, Emacs may hang or die.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from os import environ, execvp
url = environ.get("QUTE_URL", "https://orgmode.org")
title = environ.get("QUTE_TITLE", "Org Mode")
parameters = urlencode({"url": url, "title": title})
print(payload := f"org-protocol://store-link?{parameters}")
execvp("emacsclient", ("-n", payload))TODO Look into: org-protocol handling with other browser on Darwin
Completion
Vertico (info) provides a performant and minimalistic vertical completion UI based on the default completion system and behaves therefore correctly under all circumstances. Using Vertico, Marginalia, Consult, and Embark links to a video demonstration. Vertico integrates well with fully supported complementary packages to enrich the completion UI:
- Orderless (info) for an advanced completion style,
- Embark (info) for minibuffer actions with context menus,
- Marginalia (info) for rich annotations in the minibuffer, and
- Consult (info) for useful search and navigation commands,
where the order is that of enhancing citar's experience and the configuration steps below.
Finally, company: a modular complete-anything framework for Emacs fills another niche than the five packages above.
Vertico (info)
(unless noninteractive
(when (fboundp 'vertico-mode)
(vertico-mode +1))
(savehist-mode +1))Orderless (info)
(unless noninteractive
(when (fboundp 'orderless-filter)
(custom-set-variables
;; https://github.com/purcell/emacs.d/issues/778
'(completion-styles '(basic completion-partial orderless))
'(completion-category-defaults nil)
'(completion-category-overrides
'((file (styles partial-completion)))))
(add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook
(defun my-on-minibuffer-setup-hook()
(setq-default completion-styles '(substring orderless))))))Embark (info)
(unless noninteractive
(when (cl-every #'fboundp '(embark-act embark-bindings embark-dwim))
(global-set-key (kbd "C-,") #'embark-act)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-:") #'embark-dwim)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-h B") #'embark-bindings)))Marginalia (info)
(unless noninteractive
(when (fboundp 'marginalia-mode)
(marginalia-mode +1)))Consult (info)
(unless noninteractive
(when (fboundp 'consult-apropos)
(custom-set-variables
'(consult-project-root-function #'vc-root-dir))
;; C-c bindings (mode-specific-map)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c h") #'consult-history)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c m") #'consult-mode-command)
;; C-x bindings (ctl-x-map)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-:") #'consult-complex-command)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x b") #'consult-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x 4 b") #'consult-buffer-other-window)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x 5 b") #'consult-buffer-other-frame)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x r x") #'consult-register)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x r b") #'consult-bookmark)
;; M-g bindings (goto-map)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g g") #'consult-goto-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g M-g") #'consult-goto-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g o") #'consult-outline)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g m") #'consult-mark)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g k") #'consult-global-mark)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g i") #'consult-imenu-project)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-g e") #'consult-error)
;; M-s bindings (search-map)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s g") #'consult-git-grep)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s f") #'consult-find)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s k") #'consult-keep-lines)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s l") #'consult-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s m") #'consult-multi-occur)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s u") #'consult-focus-lines)
;; Other bindings
(global-set-key (kbd "M-y") #'consult-yank-pop)
(global-set-key (kbd "<help> a") #'consult-apropos)
;; Tweak functions
(advice-add 'completing-read-multiple
:override #'consult-completing-read-multiple)
(fset 'multi-occur #'consult-multi-occur)))Company: a modular complete anything framework for Emacs
(unless noninteractive
(when (fboundp 'company-mode)
(custom-set-variables
;; https://github.com/purcell/emacs.d/issues/778
'(company-transformers '(company-sort-by-occurrence)))
(dolist (hook '(LaTeX-mode-hook
org-mode-hook
emacs-lisp-mode-hook
lisp-interaction-mode-hook
python-mode-hook
ielm-mode-hook))
(add-hook hook #'company-mode))))Minibuffer history completion
See Juri Linkov (Emacs Developer mailing list) for how to allow completion on previous input in the minibuffer.
(defun minibuffer-setup-history-completions ()
(unless (or minibuffer-completion-table minibuffer-completion-predicate)
(setq-local minibuffer-completion-table
(symbol-value minibuffer-history-variable))))
(add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'minibuffer-setup-history-completions)
;; Stolen from Emacs-28.1 for Emacs-27.2:
(unless (fboundp 'minibuffer--completion-prompt-end)
(defun minibuffer--completion-prompt-end ()
(let ((end (minibuffer-prompt-end)))
(if (< (point) end)
(user-error "Can't complete in prompt")
end))))
;; Adapted from ‘minibuffer-complete’:
(defun my-minibuffer-complete-history ()
"Allow minibuffer completion on previous input."
(interactive)
(completion-in-region (minibuffer--completion-prompt-end) (point-max)
(symbol-value minibuffer-history-variable)
nil))
(define-key minibuffer-local-map [C-tab] 'my-minibuffer-complete-history)Prefix key-binding help
Configure which-key-mode so that typing C-h after a prefix key displays all
keys available after the prefix key.
(when (fboundp 'which-key-mode)
(custom-set-variables
'(which-key-idle-delay 10000)
'(which-key-idle-secondary-delay 0.05)
'(which-key-show-early-on-C-h t))
(which-key-mode +1))Reading
EPUB files
(when (fboundp 'nov-mode)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist `(,(rx ".epub" eos) . nov-mode)))PDF files
The pdf-tools package exploits the poppler library to render and to let you annotate PDF files. It also exploits the SyncTeX library to link anchors in PDF files produced with LaTeX to the original LaTeX sources.
In order to use pdf-tools, you have to type M-x pdf-tools-install after
installation of pdf-tools from MELPA or after each update of poppler to build or
rebuild the epdfinfo executable that serves the PDF files to Emacs.
;; 'pdf-loader-install' is the lazy equivalent of 'pdf-tools-install':
;; see the README file.
(when (fboundp 'pdf-loader-install)
(pdf-loader-install))
(with-eval-after-load 'pdf-view
(when (fboundp 'pdf-view-restore-mode)
(add-hook 'pdf-view-mode-hook #'pdf-view-restore-mode)))Writing
LaTeX
Loading tex.el immediately instead of lazily ensures proper initialization of
the AUCTeX. For instance, the TeX-master safe local variable in the tex.el
elisp library file has no autoload cookie. Without prior loading of tex.el,
Emacs will complain that TeX-master is no safe local variable in case it
reads a LaTeX file that sets TeX-master.
Out of the box, AUCTeX does not indent text between square brackets. The code
below corrects this by advising to override TeX-brace-count-line with
my-TeX-brace-count-line.
;; Try to get the `safe-local-variable' predicate for `TeX-master'
(when (require 'tex nil 'noerror)
(custom-set-variables
'(LaTeX-section-hook '(LaTeX-section-heading
LaTeX-section-title
LaTeX-section-toc
LaTeX-section-section
LaTeX-section-label))
'(TeX-auto-save t)
'(TeX-parse-self t)
'(font-latex-fontify-sectioning 1.0))
;; https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/17396/indentation-in-square-brackets
(defun my-TeX-brace-count-line ()
"Count number of open/closed braces."
(save-excursion
(let ((count 0) (limit (line-end-position)) char)
(while (progn
(skip-chars-forward "^{}[]\\\\" limit)
(when (and (< (point) limit) (not (TeX-in-comment)))
(setq char (char-after))
(forward-char)
(cond ((eq char ?\{)
(setq count (+ count TeX-brace-indent-level)))
((eq char ?\})
(setq count (- count TeX-brace-indent-level)))
((eq char ?\[)
(setq count (+ count TeX-brace-indent-level)))
((eq char ?\])
(setq count (- count TeX-brace-indent-level)))
((eq char ?\\)
(when (< (point) limit)
(forward-char) t))))))
count)))
(advice-add 'TeX-brace-count-line :override #'my-TeX-brace-count-line))
(with-eval-after-load 'bibtex
(custom-set-variables
'(bibtex-dialect 'BibTeX)))TODO Improve the AUCTeX configuration slowly
Org-mode
Activation (info)
;; Inspect:
;; function with "C-h f"
;; symbols with "C-h o"
;; variables with "C-h v"
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a") #'org-agenda)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") #'org-capture)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") #'org-store-link)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-l") #'org-insert-link-global)Customization
(custom-set-variables
'(org-babel-python-command "python -E")
'(org-babel-load-languages '((C . t)
(calc . t)
(dot . t)
(emacs-lisp . t)
(eshell . t)
(fortran . t)
(gnuplot . t)
(latex . t)
(lisp . t)
(maxima . t)
(org . t)
(perl . t)
(python . t)
(scheme . t)
(shell . t)))
'(org-cite-export-processors '((latex biblatex)
(t csl)))
'(org-file-apps '((auto-mode . emacs)
(directory . emacs)
("\\.mm\\'" . default)
("\\.x?html?\\'" . default)
("\\.pdf\\'" . emacs)))
'(org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)
'(org-latex-compiler "lualatex")
'(org-latex-hyperref-template nil)
'(org-latex-listings 'minted)
'(org-latex-minted-options '(("bgcolor" "LightGoldenrodYellow")))
'(org-latex-logfiles-extensions '("blg" "lof" "log" "lot" "out" "toc"))
'(org-latex-prefer-user-labels t)
'(org-modules '(ol-bibtex
ol-doi
ol-eww
ol-info
org-id
org-protocol
org-tempo))
'(org-src-fontify-natively t)
'(org-structure-template-alist
'(("a" . "export ascii")
("c" . "center")
("C" . "comment")
("e" . "example")
("E" . "export")
("h" . "export html")
("l" . "export latex")
("q" . "quote")
("s" . "src")
("p" . "src python :session :async")
("v" . "verse"))))Export external links (info)
(with-eval-after-load 'ol
(org-link-set-parameters
"ac*" :export (lambda (path _desc backend _info)
(pcase backend
(`latex
(format "\\gls*{%s}" path))
(_ path))))
(org-link-set-parameters
"cite" :export (lambda (path _desc backend _info)
(pcase backend
(`latex
(format "\\cite{%s}" path))
(_ path))))
(org-link-set-parameters
"eqref" :export (lambda (path _desc backend _info)
(pcase backend
(`latex
(format "\\eqref{%s}" path))
(_ path))))
(org-link-set-parameters
"label" :export (lambda (path _desc backend _info)
(pcase backend
(`latex
(format "\\label{%s}" path))
(_ path))))
(org-link-set-parameters
"ref" :export (lambda (path _desc backend _info)
(pcase backend
(`latex
(format "\\ref{% s}" path))
(_ path)))))
In order to export the info links (info) in this document to html correctly,
modify the constant org-info-other-documents defined in ol-info.el.
Note: how to make it work without tangling?
(add-hook
'org-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(when (boundp 'org-info-other-documents)
(dolist (recipe '(("consult" . "https://github.com/minad/consult")
("embark" . "https://github.com/oantolin/embark")
("marginalia" . "https://github.com/minad/marginalia")
("orderless" . "https://github.com/oantolin/orderless")
("vertico" . "https://github.com/minad/vertico")))
(cl-pushnew recipe org-info-other-documents :test #'equal)))))Translate capital keywords (old) to lower case (new)
(with-eval-after-load 'org
(defun org-syntax-convert-keyword-case-to-lower ()
"Convert all #+KEYWORDS to #+keywords."
(interactive)
(save-excursion
(goto-char (point-min))
(let ((count 0)
(case-fold-search nil))
(while (re-search-forward "^[ \t]*#\\+[A-Z_]+" nil t)
(unless (s-matches-p "RESULTS" (match-string 0))
(replace-match (downcase (match-string 0)) t)
(setq count (1+ count))))
(message "Replaced %d keywords" count)))))Advanced Export Configuration (info)
Stolen from ox-extra.el
(with-eval-after-load 'ox
(defun org-export-ignore-headlines (data backend info)
"Remove headlines tagged \"ignore\" retaining contents and promoting children.
Each headline tagged \"ignore\" will be removed retaining its
contents and promoting any children headlines to the level of the
parent."
(org-element-map data 'headline
(lambda (object)
(when (member "ignore" (org-element-property :tags object))
(let ((level-top (org-element-property :level object))
level-diff)
(mapc (lambda (el)
;; recursively promote all nested headlines
(org-element-map el 'headline
(lambda (el)
(when (equal 'headline (org-element-type el))
(unless level-diff
(setq level-diff (- (org-element-property :level el)
level-top)))
(org-element-put-property
el :level (- (org-element-property :level el)
level-diff)))))
;; insert back into parse tree
(org-element-insert-before el object))
(org-element-contents object)))
(org-element-extract-element object)))
info nil)
(org-extra--merge-sections data backend info)
data)
(defun org-extra--merge-sections (data _backend info)
(org-element-map data 'headline
(lambda (hl)
(let ((sections
(cl-loop
for el in (org-element-map (org-element-contents hl)
'(headline section) #'identity info)
until (eq (org-element-type el) 'headline)
collect el)))
(when (and sections
(> (length sections) 1))
(apply #'org-element-adopt-elements
(car sections)
(cl-mapcan (lambda (s) (org-element-contents s))
(cdr sections)))
(mapc #'org-element-extract-element (cdr sections)))))
info))) (with-eval-after-load 'ox
(defun org-latex-header-blocks-filter (backend)
"Convert marked LaTeX export blocks to \"#+latex_header: \" lines.
The marker is a line \"#+header: :header yes\" preceding the block.
For instance, the LaTeX export block
,#+header: :header yes
,#+begin_export latex
% This line converts to a LaTeX header line.
,#+end_export
converts to
\"#+latex_header: % This line converts to a LaTeX header line.\"."
(when (org-export-derived-backend-p backend 'latex)
(let ((blocks
(org-element-map
(org-element-parse-buffer 'greater-element nil) 'export-block
(lambda (block)
(let ((type (org-element-property :type block))
(header (org-export-read-attribute :header block :header)))
(when (and (string= type "LATEX") (string= header "yes"))
block))))))
(mapc (lambda (block)
;; Set point to where to insert LaTeX header lines
;; after deleting the block.
(goto-char (org-element-property :post-affiliated block))
(let ((lines
(split-string (org-element-property :value block) "\n")))
(delete-region (org-element-property :begin block)
(org-element-property :end block))
(dolist (line lines)
(insert (concat "#+latex_header: "
(replace-regexp-in-string "\\` *" "" line)
"\n")))))
;; Reverse to go upwards to avoid wrecking the list of
;; block positions in the file that would occur in case
;; of going downwards.
(reverse blocks)))))) (with-eval-after-load 'ox
(defun my-activate-buffer-local-org-export-filters ()
"Activate my export filters locally in the current buffer."
(interactive)
(set (make-local-variable 'org-export-filter-parse-tree-functions)
(cl-pushnew #'org-export-ignore-headlines
org-export-filter-parse-tree-functions))
(set (make-local-variable 'org-export-before-parsing-hook)
(cl-pushnew #'org-latex-header-blocks-filter
org-export-before-parsing-hook)))) (with-eval-after-load 'ox
(my-activate-buffer-local-org-export-filters)) (with-eval-after-load 'ox-latex
(mapc (lambda (item)
(add-to-list 'org-latex-classes item))
'(;; The postfixes +1, +2, +3, -1, -2, and -3 denote:
;; +1 => [DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
;; +2 => [PACKAGES]
;; +3 => [EXTRA]
;; -1 => [NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
;; -2 => [NO-PACKAGES]
;; -3 => [NO-EXTRA]
("elsarticle-1+2+3" ; Elsevier journals
"\\documentclass{elsarticle}
[NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
[PACKAGES]
[EXTRA]"
("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}"))
("article-1+2+3"
"\\documentclass{article}
[NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
[PACKAGES]
[EXTRA]"
("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}"))
("report-1+2+3"
"\\documentclass[11pt]{report}
[NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
[PACKAGES]
[EXTRA]"
("\\part{%s}" . "\\part*{%s}")
("\\chapter{%s}" . "\\chapter*{%s}")
("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}"))
("book-1+2+3"
"\\documentclass[11pt]{book}
[NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
[PACKAGES]
[EXTRA]"
("\\part{%s}" . "\\part*{%s}")
("\\chapter{%s}" . "\\chapter*{%s}")
("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")))))Evaluate source blocks on loading
(defun my-org-eval-blocks-named (name)
"Evaluate all source blocks named NAME."
(when (eq major-mode 'org-mode)
(let ((blocks
(org-element-map
(org-element-parse-buffer 'greater-element nil) 'src-block
(lambda (block)
(when (string= name (org-element-property :name block))
block)))))
(dolist (block blocks)
(goto-char (org-element-property :begin block))
(org-babel-execute-src-block)))))
;; Emacs looks for "Local variables:" after the last "?\n?\f".
(add-to-list 'safe-local-eval-forms
'(apply 'my-org-eval-blocks-named '("emacs-lisp-setup")))
(add-to-list 'safe-local-eval-forms
'(apply 'my-org-eval-blocks-named '("python-setup")))Citation export processors (info)
(with-eval-after-load 'oc
(require 'oc-biblatex)
(require 'oc-csl)
(custom-set-variables
'(org-cite-activate-processor 'citar)
'(org-cite-follow-processor 'citar)
'(org-cite-global-bibliography '("~/VCS/research/refs.bib"))
'(org-cite-insert-processor 'citar)))Citar: citing bibliography
Citar provides a completing-read front-end to browse and act on BibTeX, BibLaTeX, as well as CSL JSON bibliographic data with LaTeX, markdown, and org-cite editing support.
Citar (in combination with vertico, orderless, embark, marginalia, and consult) provides quick filtering and selecting of bibliographic entries from the minibuffer, as well as the option to run different commands on those selections.
(with-eval-after-load 'org
(when (require 'citar nil 'noerror)
(custom-set-variables
'(citar-bibliography '("~/VCS/research/refs.bib"))
'(citar-file-extensions '("djvu" "pdf"))
'(citar-library-paths '("~/VCS/research/papers/"))))
(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c b") 'org-cite-insert))Editing
Enable disabled commands and inform
Execute src_emacs-lisp[:exports code]{(find-library "novice")} to see how Emacs prevents new users from shooting themselves in the feet.
(setq disabled-command-function
(defun my-enable-this-command (&rest _args)
"Called when a disabled command is executed.
Enable it and re-execute it."
(put this-command 'disabled nil)
(message "You typed %s. %s was disabled until now."
(key-description (this-command-keys)) this-command)
(sit-for 0)
(call-interactively this-command)))Narrowing
Narrowing means focusing in on some portion of the buffer and widening means focussing out on the whole buffer. This allows to concentrate temporarily on for instance a particular function or paragraph by removing clutter. The "Do What I Mean" narrow-or-widen-dwim function allows to toggle between narrowed and widened buffer states.
(defun narrow-or-widen-dwim (p)
"Widen if buffer is narrowed, narrow-dwim otherwise.
Dwim means: region, org-src-block, org-subtree, or defun,
whichever applies first. Narrowing to org-src-block actually
calls `org-edit-src-code'.
With prefix P, don't widen, just narrow even if buffer is
already narrowed."
(interactive "P")
(declare (interactive-only))
(cond ((and (buffer-narrowed-p) (not p)) (widen))
((and (bound-and-true-p org-src-mode) (not p))
(org-edit-src-exit))
((region-active-p)
(narrow-to-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
((derived-mode-p 'org-mode)
(or (ignore-errors (org-edit-src-code))
(ignore-errors (org-narrow-to-block))
(org-narrow-to-subtree)))
((derived-mode-p 'latex-mode)
(LaTeX-narrow-to-environment))
((derived-mode-p 'tex-mode)
(TeX-narrow-to-group))
(t (narrow-to-defun))))
(define-key ctl-x-map (kbd "C-n") #'narrow-or-widen-dwim)Synchronal multiple-region editing
(unless noninteractive
(require 'iedit nil 'noerror))Extraneous whitespace trimming
(unless noninteractive
(when (require 'ws-butler nil 'noerror)
(custom-set-variables
'(ws-butler-keep-whitespace-before-point nil))
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'ws-butler-mode)
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook #'ws-butler-mode)))Structure editing
Structure editing keeps character pairs (for instance parentheses, curly and
square brackets as well as single and double quotes) balanced to leave code (for
instance Lisp and Python) and text (for instance LaTeX and Org) structure
intact. I use smartparens which offers a normal mode (smartparens-mode) and a
a strict mode (smartparens-strict-mode). Although both modes insert character
pairs, the normal mode allows to easily delete one of the paired characters
while the strict mode does not. Therefore, the strict mode is more for code
editing since it never breaks programming language rules and the normal mode is
more for text editing where structure is a matter of convention instead of
programming language rules.
For instance, the strict mode in Python allows to delete entire lists, tuples,
or the arguments after the cursor (what Emacs calls point) in a function call
without breaking the character pair balance. In order to repair a broken
character pair balance, insert a single character by prefixing it with "C-q"
bound to quoted-insert.
The smartparens documentation targets experienced Emacs users. The following links show how to put the documentation to practical use:
- Omar Antolin's gist "my-smartparens-config.el" is the first place to look for how to tweak smartparens. However, the gist may be partially obsolete, since it is not part of his current Emacs configuration.
- How to enable smartparens in the minibuffer after eval-expression explains
how the machinery after the first and after later usages of
eval-expressiondiffer and discusses options how to handle those differences.
The next block aims to configure smartparens for Elisp, LaTeX, Org, and Python.
(unless noninteractive
;; To disables pairing of the quote character for lisp modes,
;; require smartparens-config instead of smartparens.
(when (require 'smartparens-config nil 'noerror)
(custom-set-variables
'(sp-base-key-bindings 'sp)
'(sp-override-key-bindings '(("C-(" . sp-backward-barf-sexp)
("C-)" . sp-forward-slurp-sexp))))
(dolist (hook '(prog-mode-hook
text-mode-hook))
(add-hook hook #'smartparens-mode))
;; Hook on the specific `eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook'
;; and not on the general `minibuffer-setup-hook'.
(dolist (hook '(emacs-lisp-mode-hook
eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook
ielm-mode-hook
inferior-emacs-lisp-mode-hook
python-mode-hook))
(add-hook hook #'smartparens-strict-mode))
;; Tweak for the call to `smartparens-strict-mode' hooked on
;; `eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook'.
(sp-with-modes '(fundamental-mode ; first usage.
minibuffer-inactive-mode) ; later usage.
(sp-local-pair "'" nil :actions nil))
;; https://xenodium.com/emacs-smartparens-auto-indent/index.html
(defun indent-between-pair (&rest _ignored)
(newline)
(indent-according-to-mode)
(forward-line -1)
(indent-according-to-mode))
(sp-local-pair 'prog-mode "(" nil :post-handlers '((indent-between-pair "RET")))
(sp-local-pair 'prog-mode "[" nil :post-handlers '((indent-between-pair "RET")))
(sp-local-pair 'prog-mode "{" nil :post-handlers '((indent-between-pair "RET")))
(show-smartparens-global-mode +1)))Electric operators
(when (fboundp 'electric-operator-mode)
(add-hook 'c-mode-common #'electric-operator-mode)
(add-hook 'python-mode-hook #'electric-operator-mode))Smart snippets
(when (require 'yasnippet nil 'noerror)
(custom-set-variables
'(yas-alias-to-yas/prefix-p nil))
(yas-global-mode +1))Coding
(with-eval-after-load 'eglot
(add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs '(python-mode "pylsp"))
(setq-default
eglot-workspace-configuration
`((:pylsp . (:plugins (:jedi_completion (:eager nil))))
(:pylsp . (:plugins (:jedi_completion (:cache_for ,(vconcat '("astropy"
"numpy"
"scipy")))))))))Python coding
The Python Programming in Emacs wiki page lists options to enhance Emacs's
built-in python-mode. Here, the focus is on two packages:
- Anaconda - code navigation, documentation lookup, and completion for Python.
- Eglot - Emacs polyGLOT: an Emacs LSP client that stays out of your way. The maintainer also contributes to Emacs itself and has a deep understanding of the Way of Emacs. He refuses to add new features without seeing how they fit into the Way of Emacs as this discussion on org-mode source code blocks shows.
The snippet below initializes anaconda. See elpy-module-company for how to
handle company-backends as a local variable and the call to advice-add opens
Python org-mode edit-buffers in anaconda-mode.
(with-eval-after-load 'python
(with-eval-after-load 'company
(when (and (fboundp 'anaconda-mode)
(fboundp 'company-anaconda))
(defun my-disable-anaconda-mode ()
(when (derived-mode-p 'python-mode)
(anaconda-mode -1)
(set (make-local-variable 'company-backends)
(delq 'company-anaconda
(mapcar #'identity company-backends)))
(anaconda-eldoc-mode -1)))
(defun my-enable-anaconda-mode ()
(when (derived-mode-p 'python-mode)
(anaconda-mode +1)
(set (make-local-variable 'company-backends)
(cons 'company-anaconda
(delq 'company-semantic
(delq 'company-capf
(mapcar #'identity company-backends)))))
(anaconda-eldoc-mode
(if (file-remote-p default-directory) -1 1))))))
(unless (and (fboundp 'my-disable-anaconda-mode)
(fboundp 'my-enable-anaconda-mode))
(when (fboundp 'anaconda-mode)
(defun my-disable-anaconda-mode ()
(when (derived-mode-p 'python-mode)
(anaconda-mode -1)
(anaconda-eldoc-mode -1)))
(defun my-enable-anaconda-mode ()
(when (derived-mode-p 'python-mode)
(anaconda-mode +1)
(anaconda-eldoc-mode
(if (file-remote-p default-directory) -1 1))))))
(when (fboundp 'my-enable-anaconda-mode)
(advice-add 'org-edit-src-code :after #'my-enable-anaconda-mode))
(when (and (fboundp 'my-disable-anaconda-mode)
(fboundp 'my-enable-anaconda-mode))
(defun my-toggle-anaconda-mode ()
"Toggle anaconda-mode with bells and whistles."
(interactive)
(if (bound-and-true-p anaconda-mode)
(my-disable-anaconda-mode)
(my-enable-anaconda-mode))))) import numpy
import astropy.units as apu
a = numpy.arange(0, 11)
a = numpy.linspace(0, 10, num=11)
q = apu.Quantity(a, apu.meter)
print(q) (custom-set-variables
'(python-shell-interpreter-args "-i -E"))
(when (and (executable-find "pyenv")
(require 'pyenv-mode nil 'noerror))
(pyenv-mode +1)
(pyenv-mode-set "3.9.9/envs/python-3.9.9")) (with-eval-after-load 'info
(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list
(expand-file-name "~/.local/share/info")))Look into:
Appearance
See the note on mixed font heights in Emacs for how to setup fonts properly. It boils down to two rules:
- The height of the default face must be an integer number to make the height a physical quantity.
- The heights of all other faces must be real numbers to scale those heights with respect to the height of the face (those heights default to 1.0 for no scaling).
The next source code blocks implement those rules.
(unless noninteractive
;; Set face attributes.
(cond
((eq system-type 'darwin)
(set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Hack" :height 120)
(set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :family "Hack")
(set-face-attribute 'variable-pitch nil :family "FiraGo"))
((eq system-type 'gnu/linux)
(set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Hack" :height 110)
(set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :family "Hack")
(set-face-attribute 'variable-pitch nil :family "FiraGo"))
(t
(set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Hack" :height 110)
(set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :family "Hack")
(set-face-attribute 'variable-pitch nil :family "DejaVu Sans"))))In case of proper initialization of all face heigths, font scaling is easy as the next source code block shows.
(defun my-set-default-face-height ()
"Set the default face height in all current and future frames.
Scale all other faces with a height that is a real number."
(interactive)
(let* ((prompt (format "face heigth (%s): "
(face-attribute 'default :height)))
(choices (mapcar #'number-to-string
(number-sequence 50 200 10)))
(height (string-to-number
(completing-read prompt choices nil 'require-match))))
(message "Setting the height of the default face to %s" height)
(set-face-attribute 'default nil :height height)))Allow swapping fhe foreground and background colors of the default face on all frames.
(defun my-invert-default-face ()
"Invert the default face."
(interactive)
(invert-face 'default))
Enable rainbow-mode to colorize color names in buffers for debugging.
(when (fboundp 'rainbow-mode)
(custom-set-variables
'(rainbow-x-colors-major-mode-list
'(c++-mode
c-mode
emacs-lisp-mode
inferior-emacs-lisp-mode
java-mode
lisp-interaction-mode
org-mode
python-mode)))
(rainbow-mode +1))
This setup prefers the leuven and leuven-dark themes because the
modus-operandi and modus-vivendi themes feel quirky: for instance those
themes fail to display hl-line-mode properly with Emacs-27.2 on Darwin.
How to change custom theme faces
(unless noninteractive
;; Try to detect `leuven-theme` from MELPA.
(when (fboundp 'leuven-scale-font)
(custom-set-variables
'(leuven-scale-org-agenda-structure 1.0)
'(leuven-scale-org-document-title 1.0)
'(leuven-scale-outline-headlines 1.0)
'(leuven-scale-volatile-highlight 1.0)))
(defun my-leuven-hook-function ()
(when (member 'leuven custom-enabled-themes)
(let ((custom-inhibit--theme-enable nil)
(ol1 (list :height 1.0 :weight 'bold
:foreground "#3C3C3C" :background "#F0F0F0"))
(ol2 (list :height 1.0 :weight 'bold
:foreground "#123555" :background "#E5F4FB")))
(custom-theme-set-faces
'leuven
`(font-latex-sectioning-2-face ((t ,ol1)))
`(font-latex-sectioning-3-face ((t ,ol2)))
`(info-title-1 ((t ,ol1)))
`(markdown-header-face-1 ((t ,ol1)))
`(markdown-header-face-2 ((t ,ol2)))
`(org-level-1 ((t ,ol1)))
`(org-level-2 ((t ,ol2)))
`(outline-1 ((t ,ol1)))
`(outline-2 ((t ,ol1)))))
(enable-theme 'leuven)))
;; (load-theme 'leuven 'no-confirm nil)
(dolist (hook '(Info-mode-hook
LaTeX-mode-hook
markdown-mode-hook
org-mode-hook
outline-mode-hook))
(add-hook hook #'my-leuven-hook-function))) (unless noninteractive
(custom-set-variables
'(modus-themes-hl-line 'underline)
'(modus-themes-intense-markup 't))
(when (and (version< emacs-version "28.0")
(require 'modus-themes nil 'noerror))
(modus-themes-load-themes))) (unless noninteractive
;; https://karthinks.com/software/batteries-included-with-emacs/
;; https://www.reddit.com/r/emacs/comments/jwhr6g/batteries_included_with_emacs/
(defun my-pulse-one-line (&rest _)
"Pulse the current line."
(let ((pulse-iterations 16)
(pulse-delay 0.1))
(pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point))))
(dolist (command '(scroll-up-command
scroll-down-command
recenter-top-bottom
other-window))
(advice-add command :after #'my-pulse-one-line)))Applications
Feed reader
(autoload 'elfeed "elfeed" nil t)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x w") #'elfeed)
(with-eval-after-load 'elfeed
(custom-set-variables
'(elfeed-feeds
'(("http://www.howardism.org/index.xml" h-abrams)
("https://ambrevar.xyz/atom.xml" p-neirhardt)
("https://emacshorrors.com/feed.atom" v-schneidermann)
("https://emacsninja.com/emacs.atom" v-schneidermann)
("https://feeds.feedburner.com/InterceptedWithJeremyScahill" j-scahill)
("https://nullprogram.com/feed/" c-wellons)
("https://oremacs.com/atom.xml" o-krehel)
("https://planet.emacslife.com/atom.xml" planet-emacs)
("https://protesilaos.com/codelog.xml" p-stavrou)
("https://sachachua.com/blog/category/emacs/feed" s-chua)
("https://sciencescitoyennes.org/feed/" sciences)
("https://updates.orgmode.org/feed/updates" org-updates)
("https://www.aclu.org/taxonomy/feed-term/2152/feed" aclu)
("https://www.bof.nl/rss/" bof)
("https://www.democracynow.org/podcast-video.xml" dn)
("https://www.laquadrature.net/fr/rss.xml" lqdn)
("https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/huet/feed/" sciences)))))Multi-media system
(custom-set-variables
'(emms-mode-line-format "")
'(emms-player-list '(emms-player-mpd emms-player-mpv))
`(emms-player-mpd-music-directory ,(expand-file-name "~/Music"))
'(emms-player-mpd-server-name "localhost")
'(emms-player-mpd-server-port "6600")
'(emms-player-mpd-verbose t)
'(emms-playing-time-display-format " %s ")
'(emms-playlist-mode-center-when-go t))
(defun my-emms-print-metadata-find ()
(require 'find-func)
(locate-file
"emms-print-metadata"
(expand-file-name
"src"
(file-name-directory (find-library-name "emms")))
exec-suffixes #'file-executable-p))
(with-eval-after-load 'emms
(require 'emms-info-libtag)
(let ((emms-print-metadata (my-emms-print-metadata-find)))
(when emms-print-metadata
(custom-set-variables
'(emms-info-functions nil)
`(emms-info-libtag-program-name ,emms-print-metadata))
(add-hook 'emms-info-functions #'emms-info-libtag))))
(with-eval-after-load 'elfeed-show
(when (require 'emms-setup nil 'noerror)
(emms-all)))
(autoload 'emms-streams "emms-streams" nil 'interactive)
(with-eval-after-load 'emms-streams (emms-all))Local variables linking back to LaTeX save-compile-display-loop
Only the Org source file shows the local variables footer.