<!-- markdownlint-disable line-length no-inline-html no-duplicate-heading -->
# Installation Tips

Recommended installation order:

- [Debian packages](#debian)
- [dotfiles](#dotfiles)
- [System Config](#syscfg)
- [Qubes Specific](#qubes)
- [ASDF](#asdf) & plugins
- [Newer Debian packages](#newer_versions)
- [Fonts](#fonts)
- [kitty](#kitty) — `st`?
- [lazygit](#lazygit)
- [nnn](#nnn)
- [neovim](#neovim)
- Install into `/etc/skel` (see dotfiles)
- Updates (check “Updates” sub-sections)

## Generic Tips

### Desktop Files

See <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/>

### GIT remotes as subtree

- <https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-subtree>
- Create an alias for remote repository
  - `dotfiles remote add <remote-name> <URL>`
- Import remote as a single commit (squashed)
  - `dotfiles subtree add --prefix <target-folder> <remote-name> <branch> --squash
  - Note 1: Must be called from $HOME
  - Note 2: Do not start <target-folder> with $HOME or ~

### Github Patches

From [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28484186/apply-github-commit-pull-request-as-a-patch).

```sh
wget https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit/pull/2604.patch
git apply --stat --apply 2604.patch
```

### Qubes: Temporary Internet Access

- In _Basic_, connect to `sys-firewall`;
- In _Firewall rules_:
  - check _Limit outgoing connections_;
  - check _Allow full access for 25 minutes_.

## Debian Packages {#debian}

### Installation

```sh
apt install --no-install-recommends \
  7zip aptitude bat \
  curl fd-find fzf git grc \
  kitty-terminfo libarchive-tools lsd \
  meld ncdu \
  ripgrep trash-cli \
  vim-nox vim-tiny- wget xdg-utils xsel \
  zsh

 # Diversion: <new-name> <old-name>
dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/bin/fd{,find}
dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/share/man/man1/fd{,find}.1.gz
dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/share/zsh/vendor-completions/{_rg,rg.zsh}

[[ -x /usr/bin/batcat ]] && \
sudo dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/bin/bat{,cat} && \
sudo dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/share/zsh/vendor-completions/_bat{,cat}

 # Installed by kicksecure, but unwanted
dpkg-divert --rename --divert /usr/share/zsh-autosuggestions/{disabled,zsh-autosuggestions.zsh}
```

### Updates

```sh
 # Show manually installed & diverted packages
aptitude search '!~M~i !-dev' --display-format '%p'
aptitude search '!~M~i  -dev' --display-format '%p'
dpkg-divert --list | grep ^local | sort

 # Search Backports updates
aptitude -t $(lsb_release -cs)-backports search "~U" --display-format '%20v %20V  %M %p'
```

## dotfiles — Bare Git Repository {#dotfiles}

- <https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/dotfiles>
- StreakyCobra

### Starting from scratch

```sh
git init --bare $HOME/.dotfiles
alias dotfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME'
dotfiles config --local status.showUntrackedFiles no
```

### Install onto a new system

The `checkout` command is expected to fail with a message.
This is because your $HOME folder might already have some stock configuration
files which would be overwritten by Git.
The “BKDIR” part is a rough shortcut to move all the offending files
automatically to a backup folder:

```sh
git clone --bare <git-repo-url> $HOME/.dotfiles

export ALL_PROXY=127.0.0.1:8082
git clone --bare https://forge.chapril.org/michel_ouba/points.git $HOME/.dotfiles

alias dotfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME'

dotfiles config --local status.showUntrackedFiles no

BRANCH=main
BKDIR=".dotfiles-backup/";
dotfiles checkout ${BRANCH} 2>&1 | egrep "^\s+" | awk {'print $1'} |
  xargs -I{} sh -c "mkdir -p \$(dirname ${BKDIR}{}); mv -iv {} ${BKDIR}{}";

dotfiles checkout ${BRANCH}

for file in ${BKDIR%/}/*(D); {
  ls -lh ${file} ./${file#${BKDIR}}; read;
  vimdiff ${file} ./${file#${BKDIR}} }
```

### Updates

To _upgrade_ to SSH (not compatible with Qubes Proxy / TemplateVM):

```sh
dotfiles remote set-url origin ssh://gitea@forge.chapril.org:222/michel_ouba/points.git
```

When the `fetch` configuration is not set, insert the following line in the
_remote_ section of `.dotfiles/config`:

```config
    fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/<remote-name>/*
```

### Useful Commands

List all tracked files (from CWD):  

```sh
dotfiles ls-tree --name-only -rz HEAD \
| xargs -0 $(whence lsd) -lU --color always \
| fzf --multi --height=~100 --exact \
--preview='command bat --color=always --line-range :100 --style=plain {-1}' \
--preview-window=border-left
```

### Other Tools

```sh
lazygit --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME
lazygit --git-dir=/etc/skel/.dotfiles --work-tree=/etc/skel
```

## dotfiles in `/etc/skel`

### Installation

```sh
sudo vi /etc/adduser.conf

sudo mkdir -p /etc/skel/.dotfiles
sudo chown $(whoami) /etc/skel /etc/skel/.dotfiles
sudo chown $(whoami) -R /etc/skel/.config

git clone --bare $(dotfiles remote -v | head -1 | cut -f2 | cut -f1 -d' ') /etc/skel/.dotfiles

alias skelfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=/etc/skel/.dotfiles --work-tree=/etc/skel'
skelfiles config --local status.showUntrackedFiles no
skelfiles checkout $(dotfiles branch --show-current)
meld $HOME/.dotfiles/config /etc/skel/.dotfiles/config
```

### Updates

Update the `fetch` remote setting in `.dotfiles/config`.

## System Config {#syscfg}

- [SysRq](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/SysRq)
- `sudo cp -aiv ~/.aptitude /root`
- Zsh completion “already initialized”
  - <https://github.com/Kicksecure/desktop-config-dist>
  - /etc/zsh/zshrc_completions
    - comment out the `compinit -u` line

## Qubes Specific {#qubes}

### Kicksecure

- [Disable sdwdate-gui](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Sdwdate-gui#Disable_Autostart)

### Launch Services

```sh
qvm-run -q --service -- <VM-name> qubes.StartApp+firefox-PM
qvm-run -q --service -- <VM-name> qubes.StartApp+kitty-opt
```

Can be used in global Keyboard settings (shortcuts).

### Proxy Scripts

```sh
chmod +x $HOME/bin/*-proxy

export ALL_PROXY=127.0.0.1:8082
source ~/.zshrc
```

TODO: Insert random part in filenames.

### AppVM without sys-net

```sh
 # In TemplateVM:
qvm-copy .asdf .zim
 # In AppVM:
asdf direnv setup --version latest
asdf global direnv 2.34.X
```

## ASDF & main plugins {#asdf}

`.zshrc` will install `asdf`.

Before installing/compiling Python, make sure you have the required
[system dependencies](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment).

```sh
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends \
  build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev \
  libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev curl \
  libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev

asdf plugin add direnv
asdf install direnv latest
asdf direnv setup --version latest
asdf global direnv latest

asdf plugin add python

for Plugin in $(asdf plugin list); { echo $Plugin; asdf list $Plugin }
```

## Newer Debian packages {#newer_versions}

### Flatpak

- `com.github.tchx84.Flatseal`
- `org.mozilla.firefox`
- `org.mozilla.Thunderbird`

TODO: [Where are all the installed flatpak apps .desktop files located](https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/1286)

#### Overrides

```sh
sudo flatpak override --reset $APP
sudo flatpak override $APP --filesystem=host-os:ro
flatpak override --show $APP
```

#### Updates

```sh
flatpak list
flatpak update
flatpak list
```

#### Qubes Integration

- <https://dataswamp.org/~solene/2023-09-15-flatpak-on-qubesos.html>
- `/etc/qubes/post-install.d/10-qubes-core-agent-appmenus.sh`

#### Kicksecure Wiki

- [Install Additional Software Safely](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Install_Software)
  - Qubes OS Specific  
    Applications installed using Flatpak:  
    Qube settings → applications tab → press "Refresh Applications".
- [Bootstrapping a Trust path To Flathub Repository Signing Key](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Dev/flatpak)
  - NOTE: Not needed with package `anon-apt-sources-list`
    - <https://github.com/Kicksecure/anon-apt-sources-list>

```sh
% cd ~/Downloads
% scurl-download https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
% sed -ne 's/^GPGKey=//p' flathub.flatpakrepo | base64 -w0 -d | gpg --import

% gpg --fingerprint 6E5C05D979C76DAF93C081354184DD4D907A7CAE
pub   rsa4096/0x4184DD4D907A7CAE 2017-06-16 [SC] [expires: 2027-06-14]
      Key fingerprint = 6E5C 05D9 79C7 6DAF 93C0  8135 4184 DD4D 907A 7CAE
uid                   [ unknown] Flathub Repo Signing Key <flathub@flathub.org>
sub   rsa4096/0x562702E9E3ED7EE8 2017-06-16 [S] [expires: 2027-06-14]

% diff ~/Downloads/flathub.flatpakrepo /etc/flatpak/remotes.d/flathub.flatpakrepo
2c2,3
< Title=Flathub
---
> Title=Flathub - Verified and Floss (Freedom Software) - --subset=verified_floss
> Subset=verified_floss
```

### Versions Checking Tool

```sh
cd ~/bin
asdf current
asdf local direnv latest
asdf install
direnv allow
python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

cd ~/Downloads
versions_check

wget-proxy https://...
dpkg -i *.deb
```

## Fonts {#fonts}

- [JetBrains Mono](https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/mono/)
  - Choose files **without** “NL” (No Ligatures) in their names

- [Nerd Fonts](https://www.nerdfonts.com/)
  - [Download](https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/tags)
    - JetBrainsMono.tar.xz
    - NerdFontsSymbolsOnly.tar.xz
  - [Cheat Sheet](https://www.nerdfonts.com/cheat-sheet)
  - <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/master/bin/scripts/test-fonts.sh>

- `xfce4-appearance-settings`
  - <http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/subpixel.php>

### in $HOME/.fonts

```sh
mv *(/) ~/.fonts
fc-cache -fv ~/.fonts
```

See also [How to install and manage fonts on Linux](https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-and-manage-fonts-on-linux).

### in /opt/fonts

`/etc/fonts/conf.d/00-opt.conf`:

```xml
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
<dir>/opt/fonts</dir>
</fontconfig>
```

```sh
sudo mkdir -p /opt/fonts
sudo mv -i *(/) /opt/fonts
sudo chown root:root -R /opt/fonts
sudo chmod go+rX -R /opt/fonts
sudo fc-cache -fv /opt/fonts
```

## kitty {#kitty}

- <https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/binary/>

### Dependencies

- `JetBrains Mono` (without NL)
- `NerdFontsSymbolsOnly`
  - Note: outside of kitty, it may be interesting to also install
    _JetBrains Mono_ **with** _NL_.
- terminfo

```sh
sudo apt install kitty-terminfo
 # OR:
wget 'https://salsa.debian.org/debian/kitty/-/raw/debian/sid/terminfo/x/xterm-kitty'
sudo cp xterm-kitty /usr/share/terminfo/x
```

### Install / Updates

```sh
 # Show installed version, debian package & changelog
(ls =kitty;
 kitty --version;
 apt show kitty;
 curl https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/changelog/ | html2text) | less

 # Debian package
sudo apt install kitty

 # In $HOME
sh ~/.config/kitty/installer.sh

 # In /opt/kitty.app
sudo --preserve-env=ALL_PROXY sh ~/.config/kitty/installer.sh launch=n dest=/opt
sudo update-alternatives \
  --install /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator \
  x-terminal-emulator /opt/kitty.app/bin/kitty 99
```

**Note**:
Kitty prepends its _bin_ folder to the path.
So it is more coherent/simpler to copy this behaviour into Zsh.

## lazygit {#lazygit}

### Dependencies

- git-delta
- go language (when compiling)

```sh
 # debian testing & unstable: 
apt install git-delta
```

### From Source

```sh
mkdir -p $HOME/dev_3rd/golang
cd $HOME/dev_3rd/golang

git clone https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit.git
cd lazygit

path+=(/usr/lib/go-1.21/bin)
go install
```

### Binary Releases

```sh
URI=https://api.github.com/repos/jesseduffield/lazygit
LOCATION=$(curl -s $URI/releases/latest \
  | grep "browser_download_url.*Linux_x86_64" \
  | awk '{ print $2 }' \
  | sed 's/,$//'       \
  | sed 's/"//g')
echo $LOCATION
wget $LOCATION

sudo mkdir -p /opt/lazygit/bin
cd /opt/lazygit/bin
sudo tar xf ${OLDPWD}/*.tar.gz(om[1])
sudo chown root:root -R /opt/lazygit
sudo chmod go+rX -R /opt/lazygit
```

### From Go Package

```sh
go install github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit@latest
export GOPATH=/opt/go && sudo mkdir -p $GOPATH
sudo -E go install github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit@latest
```

Problem: Commit ID, build date and version aren't set.

```sh
$ lazygit --version
commit=, build date=, build source=unknown, version=unversioned, os=linux, arch=amd64, git version=2.43.0
```

## neovim {#neovim}

### Dependencies

- kitty / NerdFont
- libfuse2
- xsel

### Binary Nightly Release

```sh
 # --- ~/Downloads
cd ~/Downloads
wget-proxy <URL from versions_check>
chmod ugo+rx nvim.appimage

NVIM="nvim_$(./nvim.appimage --version | grep -Pio 'v\d\.\d+\.\d+').appimage"
mv nvim.appimage ${NVIM}

 # --- ~/.local
mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin
cd $HOME/.local/bin
 # --- /opt
sudo chown root:root nvim.appimage
sudo mkdir -p /opt/neovim/bin
cd /opt/neovim/bin
SUDO=sudo

 # --- Target Folder
${SUDO} mv ~/Downloads/${NVIM} .
${SUDO} ln -sf ${NVIM} nvim
${SUDO} ln -sf ${NVIM} vi

 # --- Tests
cd $HOME
nvim --version
vi --version
```

### LazyVim

```sh
git clone https://forge.chapril.org/michel_ouba/LazyVim.git ~/.config/nvim
bat ~/.config/nvim/README.md
```

## nnn — n³ {#nnn}

### Dependencies

- kitty / NerdFont

- Archives Management:
  - bsdtar (`libarchive-tools`) supports _Zstd_
  - [fuse-archive](https://github.com/google/fuse-archive)
  - `atool`: last release is from 2012
    - <https://github.com/solsticedhiver/atool2>
    - <https://github.com/wummel/patool>

- Drag&Drop: <https://github.com/mwh/dragon>

- Trash:
  - `trash-cli` is a much better CLI-only solution!
    Compare the outputs of `trash-cli` and `gio trash --list`…
    <https://github.com/andreafrancia/trash-cli>
  - For `gio trash`, packages `libglib2.0` & `gvfs` are recommended.

### From source (to enable some options)

```sh
 # From repository
mkdir -p ~/dev_3rd; cd ~/dev_3rd
git clone https://github.com/jarun/nnn.git

 # Compile
cd nnn
make clean

 # into /usr/local
sudo make O_GITSTATUS=1 O_NAMEFIRST=1 O_NERD=1 install
sudo cp -v misc/auto-completion/zsh/* /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
sudo chmod -v a+r /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/*

 # into /opt
sudo make O_GITSTATUS=1 O_NAMEFIRST=1 O_NERD=1 PREFIX=/opt/nnn install
sudo mkdir -p /opt/zsh/site-functions
sudo cp -v misc/auto-completion/zsh/* /opt/zsh/site-functions
sudo chmod -v a+r /opt/zsh/site-functions/*

 # Plugins
mv -v ~/.config/nnn/plugins $HOME/nnn_plugins_$(stat -c %Y ~/.config/nnn/plugins)
mkdir -p ~/.config/nnn
cp -av plugins ~/.config/nnn
sudo mkdir -p /etc/skel/.config/nnn
sudo cp -av plugins /etc/skel/.config/nnn
```