kvisc/vm/in/INSTRS

# The OS/K Team licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
# See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Special instructions                                                      #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Initiate machine shutdown (STOP)
#
#       THROW #SHT
#
# Throws:
#       #SYS if not in supervisor mode
#       #ILL if disabled through DV
#       #SHT otherwise
#
stop

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Logical instructions                                                      #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Bitwise NOT operation
#
#       $1 = NOT($1)
#
# Preserves all flags
#
not rm

#
# Bitwise OR operation
#
#       $1 = $1 OR $2
#
# Clears OF and CF
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
or rm rim
orf rm rim

#
# Bitwise AND operation
#
#       $1 = $1 AND $2
#
# Clears OF and CF
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
and rm rim
andf rm rim

#
# Bitwise XOR operation
# 
#       $1 = $1 XOR $2
#
# Clears OF and CF
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
xor rm rim
xorf rm rim

# To document
shl rm rim
shr rm rim
shlf rm rim
shrf rm rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Arithmetic instructions                                                   #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Arithmetical SGN operation
#
#       IF ($1 == 0) THEN
#           $2 = 0
#       ELIF ($1 GT 0) THEN
#           $2 = 1
#       ELSE
#           $2 = LONG_MIN
#       FI
#
# Treats $1 and $2 as signed values
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
sgn rm rim
sgnf rm rim

#
# Arithmetical NEG operation
#
#       $1 = NOT($1) + 1
#
# Sets CF if $1 == 0; clears it otherwise
# Sets OF if $1 == $LONG_MIN; clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
neg rm
negf rm

#
# Arithmetical INC operation
#
#       $1 = $1 + 1
#
# Preserves CF
# Sets OF if $1 == $LONG_MAX, clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
inc rm
incf rm

#
# Arithmetical DEC operation
#
#       $1 = $1 - 1
#
# Preserves CF
# Sets OF if $1 == $LONG_MIN, clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
dec rm
decf rm

#
# Arithmetical ADD operation
#
#       $1 = $1 + $2
#
# Sets CF if unsigned integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets OF is signed integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
add rm rim
addf rm rim

#
# Arithmetical SUB operation
#
#       $1 = $1 - $2
#
# Sets CF if unsigned integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets OF is signed integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
sub rm rim
subf rm rim

#
# Arithmetical unsigned MUL operation
#
#       $1 = LO($1 * $2)
#
# Sets CF and OF if HI($1 * $2) > 0, clears them otherwise
# Preserves ZF and SF
#
mul rm rim
mulf rm rim

#
# Arithmetical unsigned DIV operation
#
#       $1 = $1 DIV $2
#
# Preserves all flags
#
div rm rim

#
# Arithmetical unsigned MOD operation
#
#       $1 = $1 MOD $2
#
# Preserves all flags
#
mod rm rim

#
# Arithmetical unsigned 128-bit MUL operation
#
#       RDX = HI(RAX * $1)
#       RAX = LO(RAX * $1)
#
# Sets CF and OF if HI($1 * $2) > 0, clears them otherwise
# Preserves ZF and SF
#
mul2 rim
mul2f rim

#
# Arithmetical unsigned combined DIV and MOD operations
#
#       RDX = (RAX MOD $1)
#       RAX = (RAX DIV $1)
#
# Preserves all flags
#
div2 rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Comparison instructions                                                   #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# TEST Comparison instruction
#
#       $1 AND $2
#
# Clears OF and CF
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
test rim rim

#
# CMP Comparison instruction
#
#       $1 - $2
#
# Sets CF if unsigned integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets OF is signed integer overflow occur, clears it otherwise
# Sets ZF and SF according to the result
#
cmp rim rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Jump instructions                                                         #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Unconditional jump (JMP) instruction
#
#       RIP = CR1 + $1
#
j ri
jmp ri

#
# RCX-dependent jump (LOOP) instruction
#
#       IF (RCX > 0) THEN
#           RCX = RCX - 1
#           RIP = CR1 + $1
#       FI  
#
loop ri

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Movement instructions                                                     #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Load Effective Address (LEA) instruction
#
#       $1 = ADDR($2)
#
# For instance:
#       LEA RAX, [RBX + RCX + 4]
# will result in:
#       RAX = RBX + RCX + 4
#
# Preserves all flags
#
lea rm m

#
# Movement (MOV) instruction
#
#       $1 = $2
#
mov rm rim

#
# Movement with zero-extension (MOVZX) instruction
#
#       $1 = ZeroExtend($2)
#
movzx rm m

#
# Exchange (XCHG) instruction
#
#       $_ = $1
#       $1 = $2
#       $2 = $_
#
xchg rm rim

#
# Compare-and-exchange (CMPXCHG) instruction
#
#       IF ($1 == RAX) THEN
#           $1 = $2
#           ZF = 1
#       ELSE
#           RAX = $1
#           ZF = 0
#       FI
#
# Preserves CF, OF and SF
#
cmpxchg rm rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Stack manipulation instructions                                           #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# PUSH value onto stack
#
#       RSP = RSP - 8
#       *RSP = $1
#
# Throws:
#       #STA if RBP MOD 8 > 0
#       #STA if RSP MOD 8 > 0
#       #STU if RSP > RBP
#
push rim

#
# POP value from stack
#
#       $1 = *RSP
#       RSP = RSP + 8
#
# Throws:
#       #STA if RBP MOD 8 > 0
#       #STA if RSP MOD 8 > 0
#       #STU if RSP >= RBP
#
pop rm

#
# Unconditional jump with possible return (CALL)
#
#       PUSH(RIP)
#       JMP(RIP)
#
# Throws:
#       See PUSH and JMP
#
call rim

#
# Return to caller (RET)
#
#       POP(RIP)
#
# Throws:
#       See POP
#
ret

#
# Make new stack frame (ENTER)
#
#       PUSH(RBP)
#       RBP = RSP
#       RSP = RSP - $1
#
# Throws:
#       See PUSH
#
enter
enter i

#
# Leave stack frame (LEAVE)
#
#       RSP = RBP
#       POP(RBP)
#
leave

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# String manipulation instructions                                          #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Store value into string (STOSx)
#
#       [%str] = $val
#       IF (DF == 0) THEN
#           %str = %str + sizeof(x)
#       ELSE
#           %str = %str - sizeof(x)
#       FI
#
# When no parameters are given, %str = RDI and $val = RAX
# When one parameter is given, %str = RDI and $val = $1
# When two parameters are given, %str = $1 and $val = $2
#
stosb
stosb rim
stosb r rim

#
# Load value from string (LODSx)
#
#       %dest = [%str]
#       IF (DF == 0) THEN
#           %str = %str + sizeof(x)
#       ELSE
#           %str = %str - sizeof(x)
#       FI
#
# Preserves CF, OF and SF
# Sets ZF according to the loaded value
#
# When no parameters are given, %dest = RAX and %str = RSI
# When one parameter is given, %dest = $1 and %str = RSI
# When two parameters are given, %dest = $1 and %str = $2
#
lodsb
lodsb r
lodsb r r

#
# Scan string for a particular value (SCASx)
#
#       CMP([%str], $val)
#
#       IF (DF == 0) THEN
#           %str = %str + sizeof(x)
#       ELSE
#           %str = %str - sizeof(x)
#       FI
#
# Sets CF, OF, ZF and SF according to the result of the comparison
#
# When no parameters are given, %str = RDI and $val = RAX
# When one parameter is given, %str = RDI and $val = $1
# When two parameters are given, %str = $1 and $val = $2
#
scasb
scasb rim
scasb r rim

#
# Compare bytes in strings (CMPSx)
#
#       CMP([%str1], [%str2])
#
#       IF (DF == 0) THEN
#           %str1 = %str1 + sizeof(x)
#           %str2 = %str2 + sizeof(x)
#       ELSE
#           %str1 = %str1 - sizeof(x)
#           %str2 = %str2 - sizeof(x)
#       FI
#
# Sets CF, OF, ZF and SF according to the result of the comparison
#
# When no parameters are given, %str1 = RDI and %str2 = RSI
# When one parameter is given, %str1 = RDI and %str2 = $1
# When two parameters are given, %str1 = $1 and %str2 = $2
#
cmpsb
cmpsb r
cmpsb r r

#
# Safe compare bytes in strings (CMPZSx)
#
# Behaves precisely like CMPSx, except in the following case:
#   - If both [%str1] and [%str2] are zero, clears ZF (indicating NOT EQUAL)
#
# This prevents 'rep.e cmpsb' from looping infinitely when both strings
# have the exact same content; this allows for short strcmp's
#
cmpzsb
cmpzsb r
cmpzsb r r

#
# Move value from string to string (MOVSx)
#
#       [%str1] = [%str2]
#       IF (DF == 0) THEN
#           %str1 = %str1 + sizeof(x)
#           %str2 = %str2 + sizeof(x)
#       ELSE
#           %str1 = %str1 - sizeof(x)
#           %str2 = %str2 - sizeof(x)
#       FI
#
# Preserves CF, OF and SF
# Sets ZF according to the moved value
#
# When no parameters are given, %str1 = RDI and %str2 = RSI
# When one parameter is given, %str1 = RDI and %str2 = $1
# When two parameters are given, %str1 = $1 and %str2 = $2
#
movsb
movsb r
movsb r r

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Supervisor only instructions                                              #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

pushf
popf

#
# Call an architecture-reserved function slot of device (DEVCTL)
#
# See dv/DEVAPI
#
devctl rim rim

#
# Call a device-defined function slot of device (IOCALL)
#
# See dv/DEVAPI
#
iocall rim rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Flag manipulation instructions                                            #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Clear or set interrupt flag (CLI/STI)
#
# Throws:
#       #SYS if not in supervisor mode
#
cli
sti

#
# Clear or set direction flag (CLD/STD)
#
cld
std

#
# Complement, clear or set carry flag (CMC/CLC/STC)
#
cmc
clc
stc

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Misc. instructions                                                        #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Do nothing (NOOP)
#
#       (nothing)
#
# Throws:
#       (nothing)
#
# Preserves all flags
#
nop

#
# Get code/data offset (GCO/GCD)
#
#       $1 = CR1       (GCO)
#       $1 = CR2       (GCD)
#
gco rm
gcd rm

#
# Send a character to standard output (PRN)
#
# Throws:
#       #PRN if DV text mode enabled
#       #PRN if graphic mode enabled
#
prn rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Debugging instructions                                                    #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Breakpoint instruction (BREAK)
#
#       (cause register dump on standard error)
#       (wait for user input before proceeeding)
#
break

#
# Step-by-step execution (STEP)
#
#       IF $1 == 0 THEN
#           (disable step-by-step execution)
#       ELSE
#           (enable step-by-step execution)
#       FI
#
step rim

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Clean-up misc. instructions                                               #
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#

#
# Clear base volatile registers (CLR)
#
#       RAX = RBX = RCX = RDX = 0
#       RSX = RBI = RDI = RSI = 0
#
clr

#
# Clear argument registers (CLA)
#
#       AX0 = AX1 = AX2 = AX3 = 0
#       AX4 = AX5 = AX6 = AX7 = 0
#
cla

#
# Clear base non-volatile registers (CLN)
#
#       NX0 = NX1 = NX2 = NX3 = 0
#       NX4 = NX5 = NX6 = NX7 = 0
#
cln

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------#