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Grub stuff
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@ -27,12 +27,13 @@ This folder contains the source for OS/K's bootloader.
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OS/K being intended to only run on x86-64 systems, we have not divided
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this folder into one sub-folder per architecture.
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It is divided in two parts each of exactly 512 bytes:
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- mbr.s (and its auxiliary file mbr.inc)
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This is our Master Boot Record (MBR). It switches to long mode
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(64 bits mode) then loads the second half of the bootloader.
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The MBR must be placed precisely on the first sector of the hard drive.
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The bootloader itself is external to the OS/K project. We are using GRUB 2 to load
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our kernel loader in memory.
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- loader.s
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This is the Kernel Loader. It switches to long mode and makes stuff.
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The kernel loader, that we call the loader, is the main subject of this folder.
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This loader is intended to load the ELF64 kernel at the specified address and
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prepare it for the hard work it have to do :
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- Parsing the ELF64
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- Load the kernel
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- Prepare a structure for it with memory map, cpu infos, and other devices infos.
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191
boot/mbr/mbr.asm
191
boot/mbr/mbr.asm
@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
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;=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=;
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; GNU GPL OS/K ;
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; ;
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; Desc: Bootsector for OS/K ;
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; (x86_64 architecture only) ;
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; ;
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; ;
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; Copyright © 2018-2019 The OS/K Team ;
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; ;
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; This file is part of OS/K. ;
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; ;
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; OS/K is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ;
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; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;
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; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ;
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; any later version. ;
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; ;
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; OS/K is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;
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; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;
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; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;
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; GNU General Public License for more details. ;
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; ;
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; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;
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; along with OS/K. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ;
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;=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=;
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;; BOOT "SEGMENT"
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%define BOOT_SEG 0x07c0 ; (BOOT_SEG << 4) + BOOT_OFF = 0x007c00
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%define BOOT_OFF 0x0000
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;; STACK "SEGMENT"
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%define STACK_SEG 0x0600 ; (STACK_SEG << 4) + STACK_OFF = 0x007000
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%define STACK_OFF 0x1000
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;; DISK BUFFER "SEGMENT"
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%define BUFFER_SEG 0x2000 ; (BUFFER_SEG << 4) + BUFFER_OFF = 0x020000
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%define BUFFER_OFF 0x0000
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;; SECOND STAGE LOADER "SEGMENT"
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%define LOAD_SEG 0x0000 ; (LOAD_SEG << 4) + LOAD_OFF = 0x001000
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%define LOAD_OFF 0x1000
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[BITS 16] ; Ensure 16-bit code (because fuck UEFI)
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Intro:
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jmp short _start ; Jump over the BIOS PARAMETER BLOCK
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nop ; Required by BIOS to recognize the Disk loul
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BPB:
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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; Disk description table ;
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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%define OEMName bp+0x03 ; Disk label
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%define bytesPerSector bp+0x0b ; Bytes per sector
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%define sectorsPerCluster bp+0x0d ; Sectors per cluster
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%define reservedSectors bp+0x0e ; Reserved sectors
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%define fats bp+0x10 ; Number of fats
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%define rootDirEntries bp+0x11 ; Number of entries in root dir
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%define sectors bp+0x13 ; Logical sectors
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%define mediaType bp+0x15 ; Media descriptor byte
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%define fatSectors bp+0x16 ; Sectors per FAT
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%define sectorsPerTrack bp+0x18 ; Sectors per track
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%define heads bp+0x1a ; Number of sides/heads
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%define hiddenSectors bp+0x1c ; Hidden sectors
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%define hugeSectors bp+0x20 ; LBA sectors
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%define biosBootdrvNum bp+0x24 ; Bootdrv number
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%define reserved bp+0x25 ; This is not used
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%define bootSignature bp+0x26 ; Bootdrv signature
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%define volumeId bp+0x27 ; Volume ID
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%define volumeLabel bp+0x2b ; Volume Label
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%define fatTypeLabel bp+0x36 ; File system type
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times 0x3b db 0x00 ; ALLOCATE THE SECTORS FOR THE BPB
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;; ENTRY POINT
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_start:
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jmp BOOT_SEG:$+5 ; Fix the cs:ip registers with a vaudou magical trip
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bootstrap:
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jmp go
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;; LOVELY DATA
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FileNotFound db "First Stage ERROR : NO LOADER", 0
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DiskError db "First Stage ERROR : DISK", 0
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UserData dw 0
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Bootdrv db 0
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filename db "LOADER BIN"
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;; GO !
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go:
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mov ax, BOOT_SEG ; Set segments to the location of the bootloader
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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;; INIT STACK
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cli
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mov ax, STACK_SEG ; Init the stack
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mov ss, ax ; Continue init the stack
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mov sp, STACK_OFF ; Ok man, the stack is in 4K :O
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sti
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mov bp, (0x7c0-STACK_SEG) << 4 ; Correct bp (the disk description table)
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;; INITIALIZE BOOT DISK
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or dl, dl ; Verifying dl points actually to the boot drive
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jz load_root
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mov byte [Bootdrv], dl ; Another soul (the disk) saved!
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mov ah, 0x08
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int 0x13 ; int 0x13 : read drive parameters/geom
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jc load_root
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and cx, 0x003f ; Maximum sector number is the high bits 6-7 of cl
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mov word [sectorsPerTrack], cx ; And whose low 8 bits are in ch
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mov dl, dh ; Convert the maximum head number to a word with another vaudou magical trip
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xor dh, dh
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inc dx ; because head numbers start at zero
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mov word [heads], dx ; Another soul (the heads number) saved!
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;; LOAD THE ROOT DIRECTORY FROM DISK
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load_root:
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xor cx, cx
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mov ax, 32 ; Size of root dir = (rootDirEntries * 32) / bytesPerSector
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mul word [rootDirEntries] ; multiply by the total size of the root directory
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div word [bytesPerSector] ; divide by the number of bytes used per sector
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xchg cx, ax
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mov al, byte [fats] ; Location of root dir = (fats * fatSectors) + reservedSectors
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mul word [fatSectors] ; multiply by the sectors used
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add ax, word [reservedSectors] ; increase ax by the reserved sectors
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mov word [UserData], ax ; Start of user data = startOfRoot + numberOfRoot
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add word [UserData], cx ; Add the size and location of the root directory
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mov di, BUFFER_SEG ; Set the extra segment to the disk buffer
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mov es, di
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mov di, BUFFER_OFF ; Set es:di and load the root directory into the disk buffer
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call read_sectors ; Read the sectors
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;; FIND THE SECOND STAGE LOADER
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mov di, BUFFER_OFF ; Set es:di to the disk buffer
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mov cx, word [rootDirEntries] ; Search through all of the root dir entries
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xor ax, ax ; Clear ax for the file entry offset
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search_root:
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xchg cx, dx ; Save cx because it's a loop counter
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mov si, filename ; Load the filename
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mov cx, 11 ; Compare first 11 bytes
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rep cmpsb ; Compare si and di cx times
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je load_fat ; We found the loader
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add ax, 32 ; File entry offset
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mov di, BUFFER_OFF ; Point back to the start of the entry
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add di, ax ; Add the offset to point to the next entry
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xchg dx, cx
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loop search_root ; Continue to search for the file
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;; ERROR...
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mov si, FileNotFound ; Could not find the file
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call print
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call reboot
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;; LOAD THE FAT FROM THE FILE
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load_fat:
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mov ax, word [es:di + 15] ; Get the file cluster at offset 26
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push ax ; Store the FAT cluster
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xor ax, ax ; Size of fat = (fats * fatSectors)
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mov al, byte [fats] ; Move number of fats into al
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mul word [fatSectors] ; Move fat sectors into bx
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mov cx, ax ; Store in cx
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mov ax, word [reservedSectors] ; Convert the first fat on the disk
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mov di, BUFFER_OFF ; Set es:di and load the fat sectors into the disk buffer
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call read_sectors ; Read the sectors
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;; LOAD THE CLUSTERS OF THE LOADER AND JUMP
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mov di, LOAD_SEG
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mov es, di ; Set es:bx to where the file will load
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mov di, LOAD_OFF
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pop ax ; File cluster restored
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call read_clusters ; Read clusters from the file
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mov dl, byte [Bootdrv] ; Pass the boot Bootdrv into dl
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jmp LOAD_SEG:LOAD_OFF ; Jump to the file loaded!
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hlt ; This should never be hit...
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; ...
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; ...
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; I hope....
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; ...
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call reboot
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%include "boot/mbr/mbr.inc"
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;; END
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times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0 ; Pad remainder of boot sector with zeros
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dw 0xaa55 ; Boot signature
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177
boot/mbr/mbr.inc
177
boot/mbr/mbr.inc
@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
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;=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=;
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; GNU GPL OS/K ;
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; ;
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; Desc: Bootsector for OS/K INCLUDED FUNCTIONS ;
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; (x86_64 architecture only) ;
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; ;
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; ;
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; Copyright © 2018-2019 The OS/K Team ;
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; ;
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; This file is part of OS/K. ;
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; ;
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; OS/K is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ;
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; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;
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; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ;
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; any later version. ;
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; ;
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; OS/K is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;
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; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;
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; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;
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; GNU General Public License for more details. ;
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; ;
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; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;
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; along with OS/K. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ;
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;=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=;
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[BITS 16]
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read_clusters:
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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; Read file clusters, starting at the given cluster,;
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; expects FAT to be loaded into the disk buffer. ;
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; Please note that this may allocate up to 128KB ;
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; of ram. ;
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; ;
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; Expects: AX = Starting cluster ;
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; ES:DI = Location to load clusters ;
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; ;
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; Returns: None ;
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; ;
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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pusha
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push es
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.cluster_loop:
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xor bh, bh
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xor dx, dx
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push ax ; Get the cluster start = (cluster - 2) * sectorsPerCluster + UserData
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sub ax, 2 ; Subtract 2
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mov bl, byte [sectorsPerCluster] ; Sectors per cluster is a byte value
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mul bx ; multiply (cluster - 2) * sectorsPerCluster
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add ax, word [UserData] ; add the UserData
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xor ch, ch
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mov cl, byte [sectorsPerCluster] ; Sectors to read
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call read_sectors ; Read the sectors
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pop ax ; Current cluster number
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xor dx, dx
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;; Calculate next sector for FAT16 (cluster * 2)
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mov bx, 2 ; Multiply the cluster by two (cluster is in ax)
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mul bx
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;; Load sector in RAM
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push ds
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push si
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mov si, BUFFER_SEG
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mov ds, si ; Temporarly set ds:si to the FAT buffer
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mov si, BUFFER_OFF
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add si, ax ; Point to the next cluster in the FAT entry
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mov ax, word [ds:si] ; Load ax to the next cluster in FAT
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pop si
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pop ds
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;; Next
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cmp ax, 0xfff8 ; Check if we are at the end of the file?
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jae .done
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add di, 512 ; Add to the pointer offset
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jnc .cluster_loop
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;; Correct the buffer because an error will occur if the buffer in memory
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mov dx, es ; overlaps a 64k page boundry, when di overflows
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add dh, 0x10 ; it will trigger the carry flag, so correct
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mov es, dx ; extra segment by 0x1000
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jmp .cluster_loop ; Load the next file cluster
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.done:
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pop es
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popa
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ret
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read_sectors:
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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; Read sectors starting at a given sector by ;
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; the given times and load into a buffer. Please ;
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; note that this may allocate up to 128KB of ram. ;
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; ;
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; Expects: AX = Starting sector ;
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; CX = Number of sectors to read ;
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; ES:DI = Location to load sectors ;
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; ;
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; Returns: None ;
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; ;
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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pusha
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push es
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mov bx, di ; Convert es:di to es:bx for int 13h
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.sector_loop:
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push ax
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push cx
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xor dx, dx
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div word [sectorsPerTrack] ; Divide the lba (value in ax) by sectorsPerTrack
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mov cx, dx ; Save the absolute sector value
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inc cx
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xor dx, dx ; Divide by the number of heads
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div word [heads] ; to get absolute head and track values
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mov dh, dl ; Move the absolute head into dh
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mov ch, al ; Low 8 bits of absolute track
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shl ah, 1 ; High 2 bits of absolute track
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shl ah, 1
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shl ah, 1
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shl ah, 1
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shl ah, 1
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shl ah, 1
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or cl, ah ; Now cx is set with respective track and sector numbers
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mov dl, byte [Bootdrv] ; Set correct Bootdrv for int 13h
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mov di, 21 ; Try five times to read the sector because I love 21
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.attempt_read:
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mov ax, 0x0201 ; Read Sectors func of int 13h, read one sector
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int 0x13 ; Call int 13h (BIOS disk I/O)
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jnc .read_ok ; If no carry set, the sector has been read
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xor ah, ah ; Reset Bootdrv func of int 13h
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int 0x13 ; Call int 13h (BIOS disk I/O)
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dec di ; Decrease read attempt counter
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jnz .attempt_read ; Try to read the sector again
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mov si, DiskError ; Error reading the disk :/
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call print
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jmp reboot
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.read_ok:
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pop cx
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pop ax
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inc ax ; Increase the next sector to read
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add bx, word [bytesPerSector] ; Add to the buffer address for the next sector
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jnc .next_sector
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;; Fixing buffer because an error will occur if the buffer in memory
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mov dx, es ; overlaps a 64k page boundry, when bx overflows
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add dh, 0x10 ; it will trigger the carry flag, so correct
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mov es, dx ; es segment by 0x1000
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.next_sector:
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loop .sector_loop
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pop es
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popa
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ret
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print:
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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; Print out a simple string. ;
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; ;
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; Expects: DS:SI = String to print ;
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; ;
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; Returns: None ;
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; ;
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;---------------------------------------------------;
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lodsb ; Load byte from ds:si to al
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or al, al ; If al is empty stop looping
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jz .done ; Done looping and return
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mov ah, 0x0e ; Teletype output
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int 0x10 ; Video interupt
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jmp print ; Loop untill string is null
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.done:
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ret
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reboot:
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xor ax, ax
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int 0x16 ; Get a single keypress
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mov ah, 0x0e ; Teletype output
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mov al, 0x0d ; Carriage return
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int 0x10 ; Video interupt
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mov al, 0x0a ; Line feed
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int 0x10 ; Video interupt
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mov al, 0x0a ; Line feed
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int 0x10 ; Video interupt
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xor ax, ax
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int 0x19 ; Reboot the system
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