mirror of https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki.git synced 2023-08-25 13:53:16 +02:00

mckaygerhard 4d7e63ca7d alpine/tutorial - added alpine setup script documentation

* add to the footer of most alpine setup pages too

2023-05-08 01:55:53 -04:00

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Alpine Install: from a disc to any computer single only boot

Overall description: Alpine Installation from a official iso(usb) write to USBstick to a new computer with or without UEFI and will be single only boot, means that any thing in the computer and their disc will be erased to put Alpine Linux as main system

This document will guide you to install Alpine into a new empty or just fresh PC or Laptop hardware computer, use if you have a BIOS or UEFI based hardware and only wants Alpine Linux into it.

Warning

This method only works for most modern pc since 2013 and recents, mostly 64bit only.

Terminology

UEFI and BIOS: it's the default boot for cp, in every new hardware machine laptop or desktops, that will manage the early boot process as a little operating system, see more in the Alpine and UEFI page.
New machine: will be your real machine fresh and ready to install your new Alpine operating system, with a installed CD/DVD Rom optical drive where to put the burned downloaded disc media installation.
USB ports: will be your hardware input source to boot, where you wirte downloaded iso media with the operating system Alpine to install as source media; this drive are commonly named Pend-Drive.
Source media: will be the just burned/ disc from the downloaded iso file of Alpine operating system. Will be put into the optical drive or named DVD/CD Rom to property boot the source disc as media installation.
Target media: will be the storage medium device into the new computer target where the Alpine files for operating system will be installed, its one partition from the HardDisk of the new computer.

Requirements

A usb stick to write the ISO source media file downloaded
In the new machine we need an USB port free and able to boot
In the new machine we need and BIOS or UEFI able to boot USBsticks
In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb of RAM for desktop/graphical applications
In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard disk, but required 10G for desktops
Will need to previously downloaded and burned the Source media ISO file from https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/

Preparing the source medium to install

Download the source medium to install and put into your home documents in a modern computer. There are more hardware medium sources to download, like the arm and i386, but ISO CD/DVD images are only to PC/Laptops that are i386 and amd64, so by downloading the x86 (32bit) flavor will be same for both cases, but UEFI need 64bit, so change to the x86_64 (amd64) if your computer is the most modern and lasted hardware today.

The source medium to install for UEFI or modern hardware are just 64-bit only, the download URL will be as following format: http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v<VERSION>/releases/<ARCH>/alpine-standard-<VERSION>.0-<ARCH>.iso where ARCH and VERSION could be:

<ARCH> could be one of:
- x86: the most used i386 32-bit x86 based machines, if your computer are too older use this only.
- x86_64: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware.
<VERSION> could be one of:
- latest-stable for a more up to date without taking care of numbered
- 3.12 the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018

EXAMPLE if you plan to using 3.17 version the available links to download will be:

for x86_64 computers: http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso
for x86 older BIOS computers we recommend: http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso

Usin Graphical download way: Just point the web browser to that url and the download of the iso file will start. A file with .iso extension type, with name like "alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso" (if amd64) or like alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso (if i386); will be downloaded commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem.

Usin Command line method way: in unix-like terminal execute: wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso, and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file.

Writing the source medium to install

After downloading the source media file from Alpine download page put the USB stick into the input USB port named and open your terminal program, move to the place directory where ISO downloaded fiel are and cp to the USB device" and wait the process will end.

In detail if you downloaded with Graphical download (using a web browser), the source media file will be into the Download directory. If you downloaded with Command line method your source file probably will be in your root document home (or just $HOME of your Linux install or MAC install filesystem).

In Linux, assuming the USB stick is in the only free USB port (as /dev/sdb), the command to record/burn the downloaded source media file is :

$ umount /dev/sdb*;cp alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso /dev/sdb

Note

this method only works on recent MacOs 10.12+ or recent Linux 4.9+ installations

Writing the source medium using ValenaEtcher

For all users, no matter the OS or architecture, We recommend using balena-etcher-electron to flash the USB drive from any system, of course it must be run as or from root user or administrator of your operating system.

download the iso file of the multimedia image, for UEFI 3.11 minimum
download the program balena-etcher-electronyou may need to install..
Run the program balena-etcher-electronas root in the graphical session
Click “select image” icon, open the downloaded image file
Plug the USB drive into the computer, it will automatically show as sdb or similar
After it balena-etcher-electronshows the USB as “sdb”, clickflash
Wait a while and when finished, close the program
Take out the USB and place it on the installation target computer in a port

Warning

It is recommended that you only have a single unique usb stick connected.

Booting the Alpine ISO disc

When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the right booting drive (commonly named USB boot drive or USB hard disk), so the disc/iso will boot and after a while a command line shell will show you:

Note

When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start:

Warning

Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}}

after start to setup the script

For this use case, unlike other installation systems, Alpine's is automatic on the disk, and mounts several partitions depending on the case, as in this document the procedure is automatic, at least four partitons will be created by the installer and these will be configured as needed, if it is UEFI or BIOS, always the automatic setup will do that.

Warning

The drive will be assumed to be fully used since alpine setup in this guide will be on its own and single setup only, it will not be necessary to partition or format as the installer will do it. Assumes a minimum 4 gig disk where swap will be 2 gigs in sizes.

Warning

if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!!

runing the setup script

After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media, you must perform these commands, that will:

prepare disk sizes, boot partiton to 500 megs
perpare swap sices, swap partition to 2 Gigs
setup boot loader to grup (if wants lilo just change to lilo)
and run setup script to configure and process instalation:

export BOOT_SIZE=500

export SWAP_SIZE=2048

export BOOTLOADER=grub

setup-alpine

This will start some questions, these are in the following order:

keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys
hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer.
Network options: select the eth0 one that is the network cable and answer dhcp.
DNS Options: It is recommended to use 8.8.8.8 and none for the domain
Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults.
Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet.
SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle.
NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle.
Mode: Select sys to install the system on disk.
Disk Options: Use sda as the entire hard drive present will be used.

After answering sys to the questions about the drive, and since there will only be one drive, answering sda on which drive to use, this will create and leave your hard drive as follows:

/dev/sda1 as BOOT in 500Mb in /boot
/dev/sda2 as SWAP in 4Gb
/dev/sda3 as ROOT in 200Gb in / (approximately or rest of space available)

In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new system.

custom setup boot loader

If the new local system was configured to run in diskless or data mode, or if you choose do not install boot loader, and you do not want keep booting from the initial (and possibly read-only) installation media, the boot system needs to be copied to another device or partition or setup manually.

The target partition may be identified using lsblk (after installing it with apk add lsblk) and/or blkid, similar to previously identifying the initial installation media device.

The procedure to copy the boot system is using setup-bootable

Once everything is in place, but is you use diskless or data save your customized configuration with lbu commit before rebooting.

Finishing the installation

After all of the scripts in the setup end, a "reboot" will be offered, just type "reboot" and press enter, remove the boot media and newly installed system will be booted.

You cannot see a graphical window system? take it easy and get calmed down.. in Alpine all are made by the right way.. so if user need a desktop.. user can install a desktop

How to use this guide

This guide structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced, so you must type each line as is.. and hit enter, so you noted that then you typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line, all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not.

This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal knowledge of linux.

This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide.

Warning

Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste.

Licensing clarifications

CC BY-NC-SA: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms, includes the following elements:

BY – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor.
NC – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here!
SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it.

https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license

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