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* migrate the wiki page from outdated alpine site * fix linked and made a minimal version for the tutorials directory * complete information at the alpine directory * fix requirements sections about UBOOT and UEFI/BIOS
257 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
257 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Alpine Install: from a disc to any computer single only boot
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**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from a official disc/iso
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burned into DVD/CD to a new computer with or without
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[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and will be single only boot,
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means that any thing in the computer and their disc will be erased to
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put Alpine Linux as main system
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This document will guide you to **install Alpine into a new empty or
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just fresh PC or Laptop hardware computer, use if you have a [BIOS or
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UEFI based hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and only wants Alpine**
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Linux into it.
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> **Warning** This method is in disuse today in favor of [usbstiks and imgs](alpine-install-from-usb-to-disk-pc-single-boot-only.md).
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Feels lost here? check [How to use this guide](#how-to-use-this-guide) section of this document
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## Terminology
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- **[UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)**: it\'s a new system included
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in every new hardware machine laptop or desktops, that will manage
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the early boot process as a little operating system, see more in the
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[Alpine and UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) page.
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- **New machine**: will be your real machine fresh and ready to
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install your new Alpine operating system, with a installed CD/DVD
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Rom optical drive where to put the burned downloaded disc media
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installation.
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- **Optical drive**: will be your hardware drive input to put the
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burned downloaded iso media with the operating system Alpine to
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install as source media; this drive are commonly named [DVD/CD
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Rom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM) unit.
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- **Source media**: will be the just burned/ disc from the downloaded
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iso file of Alpine operating system. Will be put into the optical
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drive or named [DVD/CD Rom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM) to
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property boot the source disc as media installation.
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- **Target media**: will be the storage medium device into the new
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computer target where the Alpine files for operating system will be
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installed, its one partition from the
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[HardDisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive) of the new
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computer.
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## Requirements
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- A blank disc (CD blank or DVD blank or BR blank) to just burn/record
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the source media file downloaded
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- In the new machine we need optical drive as input source media
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- In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb
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of RAM for desktop/graphical applications
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- In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard
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disk, but required 10G for desktops
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- Will need to previously downloaded and burned the Source media ISO
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file from <https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/>
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## Preparing the source medium to install
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Download the source medium to install and put into your home documents
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in a modern computer. There are more hardware medium sources to
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download, like the arm and i386, but ISO CD/DVD images are only to
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PC/Laptops that are i386 and amd64, so by downloading the x86 (32bit)
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flavor will be same for both cases, but UEFI need 64bit, so change to
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the x86_64 (amd64) if your computer is the most modern and lasted
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hardware today.
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The source medium to install for [UEFI or modern hardware](Alpine_and_UEFI.md)
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**are just 64-bit only**, the download URL will be as following format:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v<VERSION>/releases/<ARCH>/alpine-standard-<VERSION>.0-<ARCH>.iso`
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where `ARCH` and `VERSION` could be:
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- `<ARCH>` could be one of:
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- **x86**: the most used i386 32-bit x86 based machines, if your
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computer are too older use this only.
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- **x86_64**: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based
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machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware.
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- **s390x**: For the Super powered IBM mainframes, especially IBM
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Z and IBM LinuxONE servers.
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- **ppc64le**: For the PowerPC devices with pure little-endian
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mode, mostly for POWER8 and POWER9
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- `<VERSION>` could be one of:
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- **latest-stable** for a more up to date without taking care of
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numbered
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- **3.12** the most recommended for machines between 2016 to 2018
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EXAMPLE if you plan **to using 3.17 version the available links to download will be:**
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- for **x86_64** computers:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`
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- for **x86** older BIOS computers we recommend:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso`
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- for **ppc64le** machines
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/ppc64le/alpine-standard-3.10.1-ppc64le.iso`
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**Usin Graphical download way**: Just point the web browser to that url and the
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download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso** extension
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type, with name like `"alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso"` (if amd64) or
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like `alpine-standard-3.12.1-x86.iso` (if i386); will be downloaded
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commonly into the Download directory of your home documents filesystem.
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**Usin Command line method way**: in unix-like terminal execute:
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`wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`,
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and where you run the command, in that place/dir will be downloaded the file.
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## Burning the source medium to install
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After downloading the source media file from [Alpine download page](https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/)
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**put the blank disc into the input optical drive** named [DVD/CD Rom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM)
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and **open your CD/DVD recording program, choose to "burn from iso file"** and wait the
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process will end.
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In detail if you downloaded with **Graphical download** (using a web
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browser), the source media file will be into the Download directory. If
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you downloaded with **Command line method** your source file probably
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will be in your root document home (or just `$HOME` of your Linux
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install or MAC install filesystem).
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In Linux, assuming the blank disc is in the optical drive, the command
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to record/burn the downloaded source media file is :
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`$ umount /dev/sr0;cdrecord -v -sao dev=/dev/sr0 alpine-standard-3.10.0-x86_64.iso`
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If your blank media is a DVD or BD disc the command will be then :
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`$ umount /dev/sr0;growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=alpine-standard-3.10.0-x86_64.iso`
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> **Note** `growisofs` has a small bug with blank BD-R media. It issues an error message after the burning is complete. Programs like k3b then believe the whole burn run failed.}}
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## Booting the Alpine ISO disc
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When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the optical drive
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(commonly named CD/DVD Rom drive), so the disc/iso will boot and after a
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while a command line shell will show you:
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> **Note** When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start:
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> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be configured in the BIOS, '''ask/search to your vendor or technical support''', Toshiba computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for example, and so and so}}
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#### after start to setup the script
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For this use case, unlike other installation systems, Alpine's is automatic on the disk,
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and mounts several partitions depending on the case, as in this document the procedure
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is automatic, at least four partitons will be created by the installer and these will be
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configured as needed, if it is UEFI or BIOS, always the automatic setup will do that.
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> **Warning** The drive will be assumed to be fully used since alpine setup in this guide
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will be on its own and single setup only, it will not be necessary to partition or format
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as the installer will do it. Assumes a minimum 4 gig disk where swap will be 2 gigs in sizes.
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> **Warning** if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!!
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#### runing the setup script
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After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media,
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you must perform these commands, that will:
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* prepare disk sizes, boot partiton to 500 megs
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* perpare swap sices, swap partition to 2 Gigs
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* setup boot loader to grup (if wants lilo just change to lilo)
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* and run setup script to configure and process instalation:
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```
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export BOOT_SIZE=500
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export SWAP_SIZE=2048
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export BOOTLOADER=grub
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setup-alpine
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```
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This will start some questions, these are in the following order:
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* keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys
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* hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer.
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* Network options: select the `eth0` one that is the network cable and answer `dhcp`.
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* DNS Options: It is recommended to use `8.8.8.8 ` and `none` for the domain
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* Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults.
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* Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet.
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* SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle.
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* NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle.
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* Mode: Select `sys` to install the system on disk.
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* Disk Options: Use `sda` as the entire hard drive present will be used.
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After answering `sys` to the questions about the drive, and since there will only
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be one drive, answering `sda` on which drive to use, this will create and leave
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your hard drive as follows:
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* `/dev/sda1` as BOOT in 500Mb in `/boot`
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* `/dev/sda2` as SWAP in 4Gb
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* `/dev/sda3` as ROOT in 200Gb in `/` (approximately or rest of space available)
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In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new system.
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#### custom setup boot loader
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If the new local system was configured to run in `diskless` or `data` mode, or if you
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choose do not install boot loader, and you do not want keep booting from the initial
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(and possibly read-only) installation media, the boot system needs to be copied to
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another device or partition or setup manually.
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The target partition may be identified using lsblk (after installing it with apk add lsblk)
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and/or blkid, similar to previously identifying the initial installation media device.
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The procedure to copy the boot system is using setup-bootable
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Once everything is in place, but is you use `diskless` or `data` save your customized
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configuration with `lbu commit` before rebooting.
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## Finishing the installation
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After all of the scripts in the setup end, a "reboot" will be offered,
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just type "reboot" and press enter, remove the boot media and newly
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installed system will be booted.
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**You cannot see a graphical window system? take it easy** and get
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calmed down.. in Alpine all are made by the right way.. so **if user
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need a desktop.. user can install a desktop**
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## How to use this guide
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This guide **structure all the commands in blocks, each block its separated by a line spaced**,
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so you must **type each line as is.. and hit enter**, so you noted that then you
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typed each separated clocks of commands, copy/type only blocks separated by an empty line,
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all new(next) lines are made by just enter. the terminal will detect if must execute or not.
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This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal
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knowledge of linux.
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This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also
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its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide.
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> **Warning** Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so
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if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste.
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## Licensing clarifications
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**CC BY-NC-SA**: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material
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in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given
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to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified
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material under identical terms, includes the following elements:
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* **BY** – Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor.
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* **NC** – Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here!
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* **SA** – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it.
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https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license
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## See also
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* [README.md](README.md)
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* [alpine-newbie-install.md](../../newbie/alpine-newbie-install.md)
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* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md)
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* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md)
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