168 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
168 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
# Alpine Install: from a USB to any computer single disc and only alpine boot
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**Overall description:** Alpine Installation from a official iso,
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dumpet to a usb source device media, and installed to a bare metal computer
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no matter if include [UEFI](Alpine_and_UEFI.md) and will be the only OS
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installed to boot.
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Means you will **install Alpine as the only OS in a PC computer from USB** media.
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> **Warning** This method only works for most modern pc vbeyond 2016 and recents.
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## Requirements
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- A usb stick to write the ISO source media file downloaded
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- In the new machine we need an USB port free and able to boot
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- In the new machine we need support for booting from USB devices
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- In the new machine we need at least 512Mb of RAM, but required 2Gb
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of RAM for desktop/graphical applications
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- In the new machine we need target media with at least 2G of hard
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disk, but required 10G for desktops
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- Will need to previously downloaded and burned the Source media ISO
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file from <https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/>
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## Downloading the source medium to install
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In this case, **your PC wil have [UEFI or must be beyond 2016's](Alpine_and_UEFI.md#where-i-will-find-bios-based-devices)**
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you will need **64-bit iso**, the download URL will be:
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`http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`
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**How to download usin Graphical browser**: point the web browser to
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that url and the download of the iso file will start. A file with **.iso**
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extension type, will be downloaded commonly into the Download directory.
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**How to download usin Command line method**: in unix-like terminal (MAC/Linux) execute:
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`cd $HOME;wget -c -t8 --no-check-certificate http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso`,
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and unless the case of GUI, your **.iso** file wil be direclty in your home directory.
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## Writing the source medium to your USB
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Using [balena-etcher-electron](https://www.balena.io/etcher/) to flash the USB
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drive from any system, its easy, simple and available for all OSs.
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> ***Warning** this guide assume only one hard drive as `/dev/sda` and only one USB as `/dev/sdb`
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* download the `program balena-etcher-electron` (there are portable versions)
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* Run the program `balena-etcher-electron` as root in the graphical session
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* Click "select image" icon, open the downloaded image file
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* Plug the USB drive into the computer, it will automatically show as `sdb`
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* After it balena-etcher-electronshows the USB as “sdb”, clickflash
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* Wait a while and when finished, close the program
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* Take out the USB and place it on the installation target computer in a port
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> **Note** this method only works on recent MacOs 10.12+ or recent Linux 4.9+ installations
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You can also made it manually, open your terminal program, move to the place
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directory where ISO downloaded are placed and `cp` to the USB device:
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> umount /dev/sdb; cp alpine-standard-3.17.0-x86_64.iso /dev/sdb
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## Booting the Alpine ISO disc
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When the machine start, you must be sure to choose the right booting drive
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(commonly named USB boot drive or USB hard disk), so the disc/iso will boot and after a
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while a command line shell will show you:
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> **Note** When starting Alpine it will ask for the login, just typing root and pressing enter allows you to start:
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> **Warning** Tip: If your system is not configured to boot from a USB drive, it must be
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configured in the BIOS/UEFI, **ask/search to your vendor or technical support**, Toshiba
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computers need to hit F1 to choose boot medium, DELL must hit F11 to choose medium for
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example, and so and so
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## Installing after boot up
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> **Warning** if you do not download the extended ISO it may require internet.!!!
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#### runing the setup script
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After entering the root environment and gets the console prompt installation media,
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you must perform these commands, that will:
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* prepare disk sizes, boot partiton to 500 megs
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* perpare swap sices, swap partition to 2 Gigs
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* setup boot loader to grup (if wants lilo just change to lilo)
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* and run setup script to configure and process instalation:
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```
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export BOOT_SIZE=500
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export SWAP_SIZE=2048
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export BOOTLOADER=grub
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setup-alpine
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```
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This will start some questions, these are in the following order:
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* keyboard and variant, example for Latin is esand afteres-winkeys
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* hostname: just hit enter, it's the name of the computer.
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* Network options: select the `eth0` one that is the network cable and answer `dhcp`.
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* DNS Options: It is recommended to use `8.8.8.8 ` and `none` for the domain
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* Time zone options: Just use the suggested defaults.
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* Proxy Options: Use noneif you are connecting directly to the Internet.
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* SSH Options: Use opensshthe package that already comes in the middle.
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* NTP Options: Use chronythe packet already in the middle.
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* Mode: Select `sys` to install the system on disk.
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* Disk Options: Use `sda` as the entire hard drive present will be used.
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After answering `sys` to the questions about the drive, and since there will only
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be one drive, answering `sda` on which drive to use, this will create and leave
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your hard drive as follows:
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* `/dev/sda1` as BOOT in 500Mb in `/boot`
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* `/dev/sda2` as SWAP in 4Gb
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* `/dev/sda3` as ROOT in 200Gb in `/` (approximately or rest of space available)
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In a few minutes everything will be ready to use ofering a console when boot new system.
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## Finishing the installation
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After all of the scripts in the setup end, a "reboot" will be offered,
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just type "reboot" and press enter, remove the boot media and newly
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installed system will be booted.
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**You cannot see a graphical window system? take it easy** and get
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calmed down.. in Alpine all are made by the right way.. so **if user
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need a desktop.. user can install a desktop**
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## How to use this guide
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This guide is for install process, many parts will need you understand minimal
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knowledge of linux.
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This guide assumed you have a serial port allowed in the targeted computer, also
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its important you shuold understand the way of the configuration in this guide.
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> **Warning** Some Linux or/and Mac terminals have security cut/paste locks, so
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if you paste, the first line will be preceded by garbage, check always the first char of your paste.
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## Licensing clarifications
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**CC BY-NC-SA**: the project allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material
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in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given
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to the creators involved. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified
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material under identical terms, includes the following elements:
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* **BY** Credit must be given to the creator of each content respectivelly, starting at the first contributor.
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* **NC** Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, with exceptions if you fill an issue here!
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* **SA** Adaptations must be shared under the same terms, you must obey this terms and do not change it.
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https://codeberg.org/alpine/alpine-wiki/src/branch/main#license
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## See also
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* [README.md](README.md)
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* [alpine-setup-install-script.md](../alpine/alpine-setup-install-script.md)
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* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-wayland-try.md)
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* [alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md](alpine-tutorial-desktop-xfce4-fast-forward.md)
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