We are clean again.
Warnings were:
internal/fusefrontend/fs.go:443:14: should omit type string from declaration
of var cTarget; it will be inferred from the right-hand side
internal/fusefrontend/xattr.go:26:1: comment on exported method FS.GetXAttr
should be of the form "GetXAttr ..."
internal/syscallcompat/sys_common.go:9:7: exported const PATH_MAX should have
comment or be unexported
Reading system.posix_acl_access and system.posix_acl_default
should return EOPNOTSUPP to inform user-space that we do not
support ACLs.
xftestest essientially does
chacl -l | grep "Operation not supported"
to determine if the filesystem supports ACLs, and used to
wrongly believe that gocryptfs does.
mv is unhappy when we return EPERM when it tries to set
system.posix_acl_access:
mv: preserving permissions for ‘b/x’: Operation not permitted
Now we return EOPNOTSUPP like tmpfs does and mv seems happy.
Values a binary-safe, there is no need to base64-encode them.
Old, base64-encoded values are supported transparently
on reading. Writing xattr values now always writes them binary.
We previously returned EPERM to prevent the kernel from
blacklisting our xattr support once we get an unsupported
flag, but this causes lots of trouble on MacOS:
Cannot save files from GUI apps, see
https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/229
Returning ENOSYS triggers the dotfiles fallback on MacOS
and fixes the issue.
OpenDir and ListXAttr skip over corrupt entries,
readFileID treats files the are too small as empty.
This improves usability in the face of corruption,
but hides the problem in a log message instead of
putting it in the return code.
Create a channel to report these corruptions to fsck
so it can report them to the user.
Also update the manpage and the changelog with the -fsck option.
Closes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/191
Most corruption cases except xattr should be covered.
With test filesystem.
The output is still pretty ugly. xattr support will
be added in the next commits.
This should not happen via FUSE as the kernel caps the size,
but with fsck we have the first user that calls Read directly.
For symmetry, check it for Write as well.
A few places have called tlog.Warn.Print, which directly
calls into log.Logger due to embedding, losing all features
of tlog.
Stop embedding log.Logger to make sure the internal functions
cannot be called accidentially and fix (several!) instances
that did.
We now print the number in a debug message, so define
the numeric values explicitely instead of using iota.
This way you don't have to understand how iota works
to find out what the number means. Lack of understanding
of how iota works is also the reason why the numbers
start at 3 (to keep the current behavoir).
Overwrite the masterkey with zeros once we
have encrypted it, and let it run out of scope.
Also get rid of the password duplicate in
readpassword.Twice.
As soon as we don't need them anymore, overwrite
keys with zeros and make sure they run out of scope
so we don't create a risk of inadvertedly using all-zero
keys for encryption.
https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/211
Both fusefrontend and fusefrontend_reverse were doing
essentially the same thing, move it into main's
initFuseFrontend.
A side-effect is that we have a reference to cryptocore
in main, which will help with wiping the keys on exit
(https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/211).
$ go.gcc build
# github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/internal/syscallcompat
internal/syscallcompat/unix2syscall_linux.go:32:13: error: incompatible types in assignment (cannot use type int64 as type syscall.Timespec_sec_t)
s.Atim.Sec = u.Atim.Sec
^
On mips64le, syscall.Getdents() and struct syscall.Dirent do
not fit together, causing our Getdents implementation to
return garbage ( https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/200
and https://github.com/golang/go/issues/23624 ).
Switch to unix.Getdents which does not have this problem -
the next Go release with the syscall package fixes is too
far away, and will take time to trickle into distros.
Steps to reproduce:
* Create a regular reverse mount point
* Create a file "test" in the original directory
* Access the corresponding encrypted directory in the mount point (ls <encrypted dir>)
* Quickly delete the file in the original data - instead create a device node
* Access the file again, it will access the device node and attempt to read from it
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/187
Unfortunately, faccessat in Linux ignores AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW,
so this is not completely atomic.
Given that the information you get from access is not very
interesting, it seems good enough.
https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/165
Add faccessat(2) with a hack for symlink, because the
kernel does not actually looks at the passed flags.
From man 2 faccessat:
C library/kernel differences
The raw faccessat() system call takes only the first three argu‐
ments. The AT_EACCESS and AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW flags are actually
implemented within the glibc wrapper function for faccessat().
...when opening intermedia directories to give us an
extra layer of safety.
From the FreeBSD man page:
This flag can be used to prevent applications with elevated
privileges from opening files which are even unsafe to open with O_RDONLY,
such as device nodes.
...by using the new OpenNofollow helper.
The benchmark shows a small but acceptable performance loss:
$ ./benchmark-reverse.bash
LS: 2.182
CAT: 18.221
Tracking ticket: https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/165
Now that we have Fstatat we can use it in Getdents to
get rid of the path name.
Also, add an emulated version of getdents for MacOS. This allows
to drop the !HaveGetdents special cases from fusefrontend.
Modify the getdents test to test both native getdents and the emulated
version.
In PlaintextNames mode the "gocryptfs.longname." prefix does not have any
special meaning. We should not attempt to delete any .name files.
Partially fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/174
This is already done in regular mode, but was missing when PlaintextNames mode
is enabled. As a result, symlinks created by non-root users were still owned
by root afterwards.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/176
In PlaintextNames mode the "gocryptfs.longname." prefix does not have any
special meaning. We should not attempt to read the directory IV or to
create special .name files.
Partially fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/174
If the user manages to replace the directory with
a symlink at just the right time, we could be tricked
into chown'ing the wrong file.
This change fixes the race by using fchownat, which
unfortunately is not available on darwin, hence a compat
wrapper is added.
Scenario, as described by @slackner at
https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/177 :
1. Create a forward mount point with `plaintextnames` enabled
2. Mount as root user with `allow_other`
3. For testing purposes create a file `/tmp/file_owned_by_root`
which is owned by the root user
4. As a regular user run inside of the GoCryptFS mount:
```
mkdir tempdir
mknod tempdir/file_owned_by_root p &
mv tempdir tempdir2
ln -s /tmp tempdir
```
When the steps are done fast enough and in the right order
(run in a loop!), the device file will be created in
`tempdir`, but the `lchown` will be executed by following
the symlink. As a result, the ownership of the file located
at `/tmp/file_owned_by_root` will be changed.
If the symlink target gets too long due to base64 encoding, we should
return ENAMETOOLONG instead of having the kernel reject the data and
returning an I/O error to the user.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/167
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/168
Steps to reproduce the problem:
* Create a regular reverse mount point
* Create files with the same very long name in multiple directories - so far
everything works as expected, and it will appear with a different name each
time, for example, gocryptfs.longname.A in directory A and
gocryptfs.longname.B in directory B
* Try to access a path with A/gocryptfs.longname.B or B/gocryptfs.longname.A -
this should fail, but it actually works.
The problem is that the longname cache only uses the path as key and not the
dir or divIV. Assume an attacker can directly interact with a reverse mount and
knows the relation longname path -> unencoded path in one directory, it allows
to test if the same unencoded filename appears in any other directory.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/171
Steps to reproduce:
* Create a regular forward mount point
* Create a new directory in the mount point
* Manually delete the gocryptfs.diriv file from the corresponding ciphertext
directory
* Attempt to delete the directory with 'rmdir <dirname>'
Although the code explicitly checks for empty directories, it will still attempt
to move the non-existent gocryptfs.diriv file and fails with:
rmdir: failed to remove '<dirname>': No such file or directory
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/170
Steps to reproduce the problem:
* Create a regular forward mount point
* Create a file with a shortname and one with a long filename
* Try to run 'mv <shortname> <longname>'
This should actually work and replace the existing file, but instead it
fails with:
mv: cannot move '<shortname>' to '<longname>': File exists
The problem is the creation of the .name file. If the target already exists
we can safely ignore the EEXIST error and just keep the existing .name file.
Allows to use /dev/random for generating the master key instead of the
default Go implementation. When the kernel random generator has been
properly initialized both are considered equally secure, however:
* Versions of Go prior to 1.9 just fall back to /dev/urandom if the
getrandom() syscall would be blocking (Go Bug #19274)
* Kernel versions prior to 3.17 do not support getrandom(), and there
is no check if the random generator has been properly initialized
before reading from /dev/urandom
This is especially useful for embedded hardware with low-entroy. Please
note that generation of the master key might block indefinitely if the
kernel cannot harvest enough entropy.
...to account for unaligned reads.
I have not seen this happen in the wild because the kernel
always seems to issue 4k-aligned requests. But the cost
of the additional block in the pool is low and prevents
a buffer overrun panic when an unaligned read does happen.
Our byte cache pools are sized acc. to MAX_KERNEL_WRITE, but the
running kernel may have a higher limit set. Clamp to what we can
handle.
Fixes a panic on a Synology NAS reported at
https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/145
A file with a name of exactly 176 bytes length caused this error:
ls: cannot access ./tmp/dsg/sXSGJLTuZuW1FarwIkJs0w/b6mGjdxIRpaeanTo0rbh0A/QjMRrQZC_4WLhmHI1UOBcA/gocryptfs.longname.QV-UipdDXeUVdl05WruoEzBNPrQCfpu6OzJL0_QnDKY: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access ./tmp/dsg/sXSGJLTuZuW1FarwIkJs0w/b6mGjdxIRpaeanTo0rbh0A/QjMRrQZC_4WLhmHI1UOBcA/gocryptfs.longname.QV-UipdDXeUVdl05WruoEzBNPrQCfpu6OzJL0_QnDKY.name: No such file or directory
-????????? ? ? ? ? ? gocryptfs.longname.QV-UipdDXeUVdl05WruoEzBNPrQCfpu6OzJL0_QnDKY
-????????? ? ? ? ? ? gocryptfs.longname.QV-UipdDXeUVdl05WruoEzBNPrQCfpu6OzJL0_QnDKY.name
Root cause was a wrong shortNameMax constant that failed to
account for the obligatory padding byte.
Fix the constant and also expand the TestLongnameStat test case
to test ALL file name lengths from 1-255 bytes.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/143 .
The encrypt and decrypt path both had a copy that were equivalent
but ordered differently, which was confusing.
Consolidate it in a new dedicated function.
MacOS creates lots of these files, and if the directory is otherwise
empty, we would throw an IO error to the unsuspecting user.
With this patch, we log a warning, but otherwise pretend we did not
see it.
Mitigates https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/140
...and if Getdents is not available at all.
Due to this warning I now know that SSHFS always returns DT_UNKNOWN:
gocryptfs[8129]: Getdents: convertDType: received DT_UNKNOWN, falling back to Lstat
This behavoir is confirmed at http://ahefner.livejournal.com/16875.html:
"With sshfs, I finally found that obscure case. The dtype is always set to DT_UNKNOWN [...]"
The benchmark that supported the decision for 512-byte
prefetching previously lived outside the repo.
Let's add it where it belongs so it cannot get lost.
The Readdir function provided by os is inherently slow because
it calls Lstat on all files.
Getdents gives us all the information we need, but does not have
a proper wrapper in the stdlib.
Implement the "Getdents()" wrapper function that calls
syscall.Getdents() and parses the returned byte blob to a
fuse.DirEntry slice.
Remove the "Masterkey" field from fusefrontend.Args because it
should not be stored longer than neccessary. Instead pass the
masterkey as a separate argument to the filesystem initializers.
Then overwrite it with zeros immediately so we don't have
to wait for garbage collection.
Note that the crypto implementation still stores at least a
masterkey-derived value, so this change makes it harder, but not
impossible, to extract the encryption keys from memory.
Suggested at https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/137
* extend the diriv cache to 100 entries
* add special handling for the immutable root diriv
The better cache allows to shed some complexity from the path
encryption logic (parent-of-parent check).
Mitigates https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/127
Dir is like filepath.Dir but returns "" instead of ".".
This was already implemented in fusefrontend_reverse as saneDir().
We will need it in nametransform for the improved diriv caching.
A directory with a long name has two associated virtual files:
the .name file and the .diriv files.
These used to get the same inode number:
$ ls -di1 * */*
33313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw
1000000000033313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw/gocryptfs.diriv
1000000000033313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw.name
With this change we use another prefix (2 instead of 1) for .name files.
$ ls -di1 * */*
33313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw
1000000000033313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw/gocryptfs.diriv
2000000000033313535 gocryptfs.longname.2togDFouca9mrTwtfF1RNW5DZRAQY8alaR7wO_Xd5Zw.name
On MacOS, building and testing without openssl is much easier.
The tests should skip tests that fail because of missing openssl
instead of aborting.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/123
Fixed by including the correct header. Should work on older openssl
versions as well.
Error was:
locking.go:21: undefined reference to `CRYPTO_set_locking_callback'
Due to RMW, we always need read permissions on the backing file. This is a
problem if the file permissions do not allow reading (i.e. 0200 permissions).
This patch works around that problem by chmod'ing the file, obtaining a fd,
and chmod'ing it back.
Test included.
Issue reported at: https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/125
Previously we ran through the decryption steps even for an empty
ciphertext slice. The functions handle it correctly, but returning
early skips all the extra calls.
Speeds up the tar extract benchmark by about 4%.
We use two levels of buffers:
1) 4kiB+overhead for each ciphertext block
2) 128kiB+overhead for each FUSE write (32 ciphertext blocks)
This commit adds a sync.Pool for both levels.
The memory-efficiency for small writes could be improved,
as we now always use a 128kiB buffer.
128kiB = 32 x 4kiB pages is the maximum we get from the kernel. Splitting
up smaller writes is probably not worth it.
Parallelism is limited to two for now.
Spawn a worker goroutine that reads the next 512-byte block
while the current one is being drained.
This should help reduce waiting times when /dev/urandom is very
slow (like on Linux 3.16 kernels).
On my machine, reading 512-byte blocks from /dev/urandom
(same via getentropy syscall) is a lot faster in terms of
throughput:
Blocksize Throughput
16 28.18 MB/s
512 83.75 MB/s
For a single-threaded streaming write, this drops the CPU usage of
nonceGenerator.Get to almost 1/3:
flat flat% sum% cum cum%
Before 0 0% 95.08% 0.35s 2.92% github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/internal/cryptocore.(*nonceGenerator).Get
After 0.01s 0.092% 92.34% 0.13s 1.20% github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/internal/cryptocore.(*nonceGenerator).Get
This change makes the nonce reading single-threaded, which may
hurt massively-parallel writes.
This check would need locking to be multithreading-safe.
But as it is in the fastpath, just remove it.
rand.Read() already guarantees that the value is random.
Travis failed on Go 1.6.3 with this error:
internal/pathiv/pathiv_test.go:20: no args in Error call
This change should solve the problem and provides a better error
message on (real) test failure.
With hard links, the path to a file is not unique. This means
that the ciphertext data depends on the path that is used to access
the files.
Fix that by storing the derived values when we encounter a hard-linked
file. This means that the first path wins.
This fixes a few issues I have found reviewing the code:
1) Limit the amount of data ReadLongName() will read. Previously,
you could send gocryptfs into out-of-memory by symlinking
gocryptfs.diriv to /dev/zero.
2) Handle the empty input case in unPad16() by returning an
error. Previously, it would panic with an out-of-bounds array
read. It is unclear to me if this could actually be triggered.
3) Reject empty names after base64-decoding in DecryptName().
An empty name crashes emeCipher.Decrypt().
It is unclear to me if B64.DecodeString() can actually return
a non-error empty result, but let's guard against it anyway.
When a user calls into a deep directory hierarchy, we often
get a sequence like this from the kernel:
LOOKUP a
LOOKUP a/b
LOOKUP a/b/c
LOOKUP a/b/c/d
The diriv cache was not effective for this pattern, because it
was designed for this:
LOOKUP a/a
LOOKUP a/b
LOOKUP a/c
LOOKUP a/d
By also using the cached entry of the grandparent we can avoid lots
of diriv reads.
This benchmark is against a large encrypted directory hosted on NFS:
Before:
$ time ls -R nfs-backed-mount > /dev/null
real 1m35.976s
user 0m0.248s
sys 0m0.281s
After:
$ time ls -R nfs-backed-mount > /dev/null
real 1m3.670s
user 0m0.217s
sys 0m0.403s
This commit defines all exit codes in one place in the exitcodes
package.
Also, it adds a test to verify the exit code on incorrect
password, which is what SiriKali cares about the most.
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/77 .
Misspell Finds commonly misspelled English words
gocryptfs/internal/configfile/scrypt.go
Line 41: warning: "paramter" is a misspelling of "parameter" (misspell)
gocryptfs/internal/ctlsock/ctlsock_serve.go
Line 1: warning: "implementes" is a misspelling of "implements" (misspell)
gocryptfs/tests/test_helpers/helpers.go
Line 27: warning: "compatability" is a misspelling of "compatibility" (misspell)
This can happen during normal operation, and is harmless since
14038a1644
"fusefrontend: readFileID: reject files that consist only of a header"
causes dormant header-only files to be rewritten on the next write.
We do not have to track the writeOnly status because the kernel
will not forward read requests on a write-only FD to us anyway.
I have verified this behavoir manually on a 4.10.8 kernel and also
added a testcase.
As reported at https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/105 ,
the "ioutil.WriteFile(file, iv, 0400)" call causes "permissions denied"
errors on an NFSv4 setup.
"strace"ing diriv creation and gocryptfs.conf creation shows this:
conf (works on the user's NFSv4 mount):
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/tmp/a/gocryptfs.conf.tmp", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC, 0400) = 3
diriv (fails):
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/tmp/a/gocryptfs.diriv", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_CLOEXEC, 0400) = 3
This patch creates the diriv file with the same flags that are used for
creating the conf:
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/tmp/a/gocryptfs.diriv", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC, 0400) = 3
Closes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/105
Force decode of encrypted files even if the integrity check fails, instead of
failing with an IO error. Warning messages are still printed to syslog if corrupted
files are encountered.
It can be useful to recover files from disks with bad sectors or other corrupted
media.
Closes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/pull/102 .
go-fuse has added a new method to the nodefs.File interface that
caused this build error:
internal/fusefrontend/file.go:75: cannot use file literal (type *file) as type nodefs.File in return argument:
*file does not implement nodefs.File (missing Flock method)
Fixes https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/104 and
prevents the problem from happening again.
The volatile inode numbers that we used before cause "find" to complain and error out.
Virtual inode numbers are derived from their parent file inode number by adding 10^19,
which is hopefully large enough no never cause problems in practice.
If the backing directory contains inode numbers higher than that, stat() on these files
will return EOVERFLOW.
Example directory lising after this change:
$ ls -i
926473 gocryptfs.conf
1000000000000926466 gocryptfs.diriv
944878 gocryptfs.longname.hmZojMqC6ns47eyVxLlH2ailKjN9bxfosi3C-FR8mjA
1000000000000944878 gocryptfs.longname.hmZojMqC6ns47eyVxLlH2ailKjN9bxfosi3C-FR8mjA.name
934408 Tdfbf02CKsTaGVYnAsSypA
This PR addresses the Issue #95, about "Confusing file owner for
longname files in reverse mode".
It affects only the reverse mode, and introduces two
modifications:
1) The "gocryptfs.longname.XXXX.name" files are assigned the owner and
group of the underlying plaintext file. Therefore it is consistent
with the file "gocryptfs.longname.XXXX" that has the encrypted
contents of the plaintext file.
2) The two virtual files mentioned above are given -r--r--r--
permissions. This is consistent with the behavior described in
function Access in internal/fusefrontend_reverse/rfs.go where all
virtual files are always readable. Behavior also observed in point
c) in #95 .
Issue #95 URL: https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/95
Pull request URL: https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/pull/97
Due to kernel readahead, we usually get multiple read requests
at the same time. These get submitted to the backing storage in
random order, which is a problem if seeking is very expensive.
Details: https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/92
...if doWrite() can do it for us. This avoids the situation
that the file only consists of a file header when calling
doWrite.
A later patch will check for this condition and warn about it,
as with this change it should no longer occour in normal operation.
If you truncate a ciphertext file to 19 bytes, you could get the
impression that the plaintext is 18446744073709551585 bytes long,
as reported by "ls -l".
Fix it by clamping the value to zero.
Prior to this commit, gocryptfs's reverse mode did not report correct
directory entry sizes for symbolic links, where the dentry size needs to
be the same as the length of a string containing the target path.
This commit corrects this issue and adds a test case to verify the
correctness of the implementation.
This issue was discovered during the use of a strict file copying program
on a reverse-mounted gocryptfs file system.
Raw64 is supported (but was disabled by default) since gocryptfs
v1.2. However, the implementation was buggy because it forgot
about long names and symlinks.
Disable it for now by default and enable it later, together
with HKDF.
...but keep it disabled by default for new filesystems.
We are still missing an example filesystem and CLI arguments
to explicitely enable and disable it.
As we have dropped Go 1.4 compatibility already, and will add
a new feature flag for gocryptfs v1.3 anyway, this is a good
time to enable Raw64 as well.
There is no security reason for doing this, but it will allow
to consolidate the code once we drop compatibility with gocryptfs v1.2
(and earlier) filesystems.
There are two independent backends, one for name encryption,
the other one, AEAD, for file content.
"BackendTypeEnum" only applies to AEAD (file content), so make that
clear in the name.
Version 1.1 of the EME package (github.com/rfjakob/eme) added
a more convenient interface. Use it.
Note that you have to upgrade your EME package (go get -u)!
This really only handles scrypt and no other key-derivation functions.
Renaming the files prevents confusion once we introduce HKDF.
renamed: internal/configfile/kdf.go -> internal/configfile/scrypt.go
renamed: internal/configfile/kdf_test.go -> internal/configfile/scrypt_test.go
A crypto benchmark mode like "openssl speed".
Example run:
$ ./gocryptfs -speed
AES-GCM-256-OpenSSL 180.89 MB/s (selected in auto mode)
AES-GCM-256-Go 48.19 MB/s
AES-SIV-512-Go 37.40 MB/s
This used to hang at 100% CPU:
cat /dev/zero | gocryptfs -init a
...and would ultimately send the box into out-of-memory.
The number 1000 is chosen arbitrarily and seems big enough
given that the password must be one line.
Suggested by @mhogomchungu in https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/issues/77 .
From the comment:
// CheckTrailingGarbage tries to read one byte from stdin and exits with a
// fatal error if the read returns any data.
// This is meant to be called after reading the password, when there is no more
// data expected. This helps to catch problems with third-party tools that
// interface with gocryptfs.
